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S100B protein in neurodegenerative disorders

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Published/Copyright: February 9, 2011
Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine
From the journal Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine Volume 49 Issue 3

Abstract

“Classic” neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis share common pathophysiological features and involve progressive loss of specific neuronal populations, axonal or synaptic loss and dysfunction, reactive astrogliosis, and reduction in myelin. Furthermore, despite the absence of astrogliosis, impaired expression of astrocyte- and oligodendrocyte-related genes has been observed in patients with major psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and mood disorders. Because S100B is expressed in astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, its concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or serum has been considered a suitable surrogate marker for the diagnostic or prognostic assessment of neurodegeneration. This review summarizes previous postmortem, CSF and serum studies regarding the role of S100B in this context. A general drawback is that only small single-center studies have been performed. Many potential confounding factors exist because of the wide extra-astrocytic and extracerebral expression of S100B. Due to lack of disease specificity, reliance on S100B concentrations for differential diagnostic purposes in cases of suspected neurodegenerative disorders is not recommended. Moreover, there is no consistent evidence for a correlation between disease severity and concentrations of S100B in CSF or serum. Therefore, S100B has limited usefulness for monitoring disease progression.

Keywords: S100; S100B; Alzheimer's disease; amyotro-phic lateral sclerosis; dementia; Parkinson's disease; schizophrenia
Corresponding author: Johann Steiner, MD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany Phone: +49-391-6715019, Fax: +49-391-6715223
Received: 2010-7-3
Accepted: 2010;-12-14
Published Online: 2011-02-9
Published in Print: 2011-03-01

©2011 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin New York

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https://doi.org/10.1515/CCLM.2011.083
Keywords for this article
S100; S100B; Alzheimer's disease; amyotro-phic lateral sclerosis; dementia; Parkinson's disease; schizophrenia

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Editorial
  2. Biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases
  3. Reviews
  4. CSF biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases
  5. Tau and p-tau as CSF biomarkers in dementia: a meta-analysis
  6. Amyloid β (Aβ) and phospho-tau (p-tau) as diagnostic biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease
  7. The effect of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype on biomarkers of amyloidogenesis, tau pathology and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease
  8. Advanced glycation endproducts as gerontotoxins and biomarkers for carbonyl-based degenerative processes in Alzheimer's disease
  9. Parkinson's disease – the continuing search for biomarkers
  10. α-Synuclein in Parkinson disease and other neurodegenerative disorders
  11. S100B protein in neurodegenerative disorders
  12. Inflammatory and structural biomarkers in acute traumatic spinal cord injury
  13. Homocysteine: a biomarker in neurodegenerative diseases
  14. Editorial
  15. ROMA or death: advances in epithelial ovarian cancer diagnosis
  16. Review
  17. Laboratory testing for the antiphospholipid syndrome: making sense of antiphospholipid antibody assays
  18. General Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine
  19. Quality indicators and specifications for key analytical-extranalytical processes in the clinical laboratory. Five years’ experience using the Six Sigma concept
  20. Determination of oxidative and occupational stress in palliative care workers
  21. Effect of cigarette smoking on plasma homocysteine concentrations
  22. Erythrocyte membrane protein analysis by sodium dodecyl sulphate-capillary gel electrophoresis in the diagnosis of hereditary spherocytosis
  23. Evaluation of hematological parameters on admission for the prediction of 7-day in-hospital mortality in a large trauma cohort
  24. Platelet function testing in hirudin and BAPA anticoagulated blood
  25. Evaluation of the iChem® Velocity™ Urine Chemistry Analyzer in a hospital routine laboratory
  26. Crystalluria: prevalence, different types of crystals and the role of infrared spectroscopy
  27. Cancer Diagnostics
  28. The ROMA (Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm) for estimating the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer in women presenting with pelvic mass: is it really useful?
  29. Evaluation of the accuracy of serum human epididymis protein 4 in combination with CA125 for detecting ovarian cancer: a prospective case-control study in a Korean population
  30. Cardiovascular Diseases
  31. APOA5 −1131T/C polymorphism is associated with coronary artery disease in a Chinese population: a meta-analysis
  32. Assessment of the nickel-albumin binding assay for diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome
  33. Letters to the Editor
  34. AGER gene -374T>A (rs1800624) polymorphism is not associated with the severity of non-diabetic coronary artery disease in Han Chinese
  35. Some lessons learned from using medium scale genotyping techniques in pharmacogenetic research
  36. Improved neopterin ELISA kit: a good compromise between HPLC results and clinical practice
  37. Cross-reactivity of 25-hydroxy vitamin D2 from different commercial immunoassays for 25-hydroxy vitamin D: an evaluation without spiked samples
  38. Modulated human maternal and premature neonatal erythrocyte membrane enzyme activities in relation to the mode of delivery: in vitro restoration with L-Carnitine
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