Insulin resistance and enhanced protein glycation in men with prehypertension
-
Viswanathan Sathiyapriya
Abstract
Background: Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia have been reported among patients with hypertension. However, little is known about insulin sensitivity in subjects with prehypertension. The aim of this study was to assess whether the metabolic characteristics of insulin resistance syndrome are present in prehypertensive subjects.
Methods: Plasma fasting glucose, lipid profile, glycated hemoglobin, fructosamine and insulin concentrations were evaluated in 35 prehypertensive subjects and in 30 healthy controls.
Results: Prehypertensive subjects had significantly higher levels of plasma insulin and triglycerides compared with normotensive subjects. The level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly lower in prehypertensive subjects compared with controls. There was no significant difference in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The levels of glycated hemoglobin and fructosamine were also significantly higher in prehypertensive subjects compared with controls. Plasma insulin levels were positively correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure in prehypertensive subjects. Similarly, plasma insulin was significantly positively correlated with triglyceride and negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Conclusions: The present study indicates that prehypertensive non-diabetic subjects have higher insulin resistance and protein glycation compared to normotensive subjects, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of prehypertension.
Clin Chem Lab Med 2006;44:1457–61.
References
1. Reddy KS. Hypertension control in developing countries: generic issues. J Hum Hypertens 1996; 10:S33–8.Suche in Google Scholar
2. Gupta R. Meta analysis of prevalence of hypertension in India. Indian Heart J 1997; 49:43–8.Suche in Google Scholar
3. DeFronzo RA, Ferrannini E. Insulin resistance: a multifaceted syndrome responsible for NIDDM, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Diabetes Care 1991; 14:173–94.10.2337/diacare.14.3.173Suche in Google Scholar
4. Salonen JT, Lakka JA, Lakka HM, Valkonen VP, Everson SA, Kaplan GA. Hyperinsulinemia is associated with the incidence of hypertension and dyslipidemia in middle aged men. Diabetes 1998; 47:270–5.10.2337/diab.47.2.270Suche in Google Scholar
5. Stolar MW. Atherosclerosis in diabetes: the role of hyperinsulinemia. Metabolism 1988; 37:1–9.10.1016/0026-0495(88)90180-1Suche in Google Scholar
6. Reaven GM. Insulin resistance, the insulin resistance syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. Panminerva Med 2005; 47:201–10.Suche in Google Scholar
7. Sheu WH, Jeng CY, Shieh SM, Fuh MM, Shen DD, Chen YD, et al. Insulin resistance and abnormal electrocardiograms in patients with high blood pressure. Am J Hypertens 1992; 5:444–8.10.1093/ajh/5.7.444Suche in Google Scholar
8. Wolff SP, Jiang ZY, Hunt JV. Protein glycation and oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus and ageing. Free Radic Biol Med 1991; 10:339–52.10.1016/0891-5849(91)90040-ASuche in Google Scholar
9. Zhoa R, Shen GX. Functional modulation of antioxidant enzymes in vascular endothelial cells by glycated LDL. Atherosclerosis 2005; 179:277–84.10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.11.013Suche in Google Scholar
10. Chowdhury TA, Lasker SS. Elevated glycated haemoglobin in non-diabetic patients is associated with an increased mortality in myocardial infarction. Postgrad Med J 1998; 74:480–1.10.1136/pgmj.74.874.480Suche in Google Scholar
11. Sabater J, Quereda C, Herrera I, Pascual J, Villafruella JJ, Ortuno J. Nonenzymatic glycosylation of hemoglobin and total plasmatic proteins in end-stage renal disease. Am J Nephrol 1991; 11:37–43.10.1159/000168270Suche in Google Scholar
12. Nilsson PM, Lind L, Pollare T, Berne C, Lithell HO. Increased level of hemoglobin A1C, but not impaired insulin sensitivity, found in hypertensive and normotensive smokers. Metabolism 1995; 44:557–61.10.1016/0026-0495(95)90110-8Suche in Google Scholar
13. Roberts RN, Traub AI, Kennedy AL, Hadden DR. Glycosylated haemoglobin and hypertension arising in pregnancy. Br J Obest Gynaecol 1998; 105:1122–4.10.1111/j.1471-0528.1998.tb09947.xSuche in Google Scholar PubMed
14. Kanauchi M, Kanauchi K, Hashimoto T, Saito Y. Metabolic syndrome and new category “pre-hypertension” in a Japanese population. Curr Med Res Opin 2004; 20:1365–70.10.1185/030079904X2042Suche in Google Scholar
15. Cordero A, Laclaustra M, León M, Grima A, Casasnovas JA, Luengo E, et al. Prehypertension is associated with insulin resistance state and not with an initial renal function impairment. A Metabolic Syndrome in Active Subjects in Spain (MESYAS) Registry substudy. Am J Hypertens 2006; 19:189–96.10.1016/j.amjhyper.2005.08.018Suche in Google Scholar
16. Chobanian AV, Bakris GR, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL Jr, et al. Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation and treatment of high blood pressure: the JNC 7 report. J Am Med Assoc 2003; 289:2560–72.10.1001/jama.289.19.2560Suche in Google Scholar
17. Vasan RS, Larson MG, Leip EP, Kannel WB, Levy D. Assessment of frequency of progression to hypertension in non-hypertensive participants in the Framingham Heart study: a cohort study. Lancet 2001; 358:1682–6.10.1016/S0140-6736(01)06710-1Suche in Google Scholar
18. Das SK, Sanyal K, Basu A. Study of urban community survey in India: growing trend of high prevalence of hypertension in a developing country. Int J Med Sci 2005; 2:70–8.10.7150/ijms.2.70Suche in Google Scholar
19. Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 1972; 18:499–502.10.1093/clinchem/18.6.499Suche in Google Scholar
20. Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and β-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentration in man. Diabetologia 1985; 28:412–9.10.1007/BF00280883Suche in Google Scholar
21. Grunfeld BM, Balzareti M, Romo M, Gimenez M, Gutman R. Hyperinsulinemia in normotensive offspring of hypertensive patients. Hypertension 1994; 3:112–5.Suche in Google Scholar
22. Cubeddu LX, Hoffmann IS. Insulin resistance and upper-normal glucose levels in hypertension: a review. J Hum Hypertens 2002; 16:S52–5.10.1038/sj.jhh.1001343Suche in Google Scholar
23. Capaldo B, Lembo G, Napoli R, Rendina V, Albano G, Sacca L, et al. Skeletal muscle is primary site of insulin resistance in essential hypertension. Metabolism 1991; 40:1320–2.10.1016/0026-0495(91)90036-VSuche in Google Scholar
24. Ferrannini E. Insulin resistance in essential hypertension. N Engl J Med 1987; 317:350–7.10.1056/NEJM198708063170605Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
25. McLaughlin T, Abbasi F, Cheal K, Chu J, Lamendola C, Reaven G. Use of metabolic markers to identify overweight individuals who are insulin resistant. Ann Intern Med 2003; 139:802–9.10.7326/0003-4819-139-10-200311180-00007Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
26. McLaughlin T, Reaven G, Abbasi F, Lamendola C, Saad M, Waters D, et al. Is there a simple way to identify insulin-resistant individuals at increased risk of cardiovascular disease? Am J Cardiol 2005; 96:399–404.10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.03.085Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
27. Lemieux I, Lamarche B, Couillard C, Pascot A, Cantin B, Bergeron J, et al. Total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio vs. LDL cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio as indices of ischemic heart disease risk in men: the Quebec Cardiovascular Study. Arch Intern Med 2001; 61:2685–92.10.1001/archinte.161.22.2685Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
28. Haffner SM, Valdez RA, Hazuda HP, Mitchell BD, Morales PA, Stern MP. Prospective analysis of the insulin resistance syndrome (syndrome X). Diabetes 1992; 41:715–22.10.2337/diab.41.6.715Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
29. Garg A. Insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of dyslipidemia. Diabetes Care 1996; 19:387–9.10.2337/diacare.19.4.387Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
30. Laakso M. The possible pathophysiology of insulin resistance syndrome. Cardiovasc Risk Factors 1993; 3:55–66.Suche in Google Scholar
31. Kshirsagar AV, Carpenter M, Bang H, Wyatt SB, Colindres RE. Blood pressure usually considered normal is associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular events. Am J Med 2006; 119:133–41.10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.08.023Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
32. Sowers JR, Standley PR, Ram JL, Jacober S, Simpson L, Rose K. Hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia: contributing factors in the pathogenesis of hypertension and atherosclerosis. Am J Hypertens 1993; 6:S260–70.10.1093/ajh/6.7.260SSuche in Google Scholar PubMed
33. Scherrer U, Randin D, Vollenweider P, Vollenweider L, Nicod P. Nitric oxide accounts for insulin's vascular effects in humans. J Clin Invest 1994; 94:2511–5.10.1172/JCI117621Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
34. Suzuki M, Shinozaki K, Kanazawa A, Hara Y, Hattori Y, Tsushima M, et al. Insulin resistance as an independent risk factor for carotid wall thickening. Hypertension 1996; 28:593–8.10.1161/01.HYP.28.4.593Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
35. Lapolla A, Tessari P, Poli T, Valerio A, Duner E, Iori E, et al. Reduced in vivo activity of in vitro glycosylated insulin. Diabetes 1988; 37:787–91.10.2337/diab.37.6.787Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
36. Jain SK, Palmer M. The effect of oxygen radicals metabolites and vitamin E on glycosylation of proteins. Free Radic Biol Med 1997; 22:593–6.10.1016/S0891-5849(96)00377-2Suche in Google Scholar
37. Selvaraj N, Bobby Z, Sathiyapriya V. Effect of lipid peroxides and antioxidants on glycation of hemoglobin: an in vitro study on human erythrocytes. Clin Chim Acta 2006; 366:190–5.10.1016/j.cca.2005.10.002Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
©2006 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin New York
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Initiation and progression of atherosclerosis – enzymatic or oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein?
- Blood transfusions in athletes. Old dogmas, new tricks
- Molecular detection of tyrosinase transcripts in peripheral blood from patients with malignant melanoma: correlation of PCR sensitivity threshold with clinical and pathologic disease characteristics
- Increase in and clearance of cell-free plasma DNA in hemodialysis quantified by real-time PCR
- Lipoprotein lipase gene polymorphism at the PvuII locus and serum lipid levels in Guangxi Hei Yi Zhuang and Han populations
- Interpretation of cardiac troponin T behaviour in size-exclusion chromatography
- Point-of-care C-reactive protein testing in febrile children in general practice
- Improvement in HPLC separation of porphyrin isomers and application to biochemical diagnosis of porphyrias
- Measurement of late-night salivary cortisol with an automated immunoassay system
- Combining markers of nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity for improved monitoring and detection of chronic alcohol abuse
- Stone or stricture as a cause of extrahepatic cholestasis – do liver function tests predict the diagnosis?
- Insulin resistance and enhanced protein glycation in men with prehypertension
- Prevalence-dependent decision limits for the early detection of type 2 diabetes mellitus in venous blood, venous plasma and capillary blood during glucose challenge
- Analytical performance and clinical utility of the INNOTEST® PHOSPHO-TAU(181P) assay for discrimination between Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies
- Variations in assay protocol for the Dako cystatin C method may change patient results by 50% without changing the results for controls
- Approved IFCC recommendation on reporting results for blood glucose: International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine Scientific Division, Working Group on Selective Electrodes and Point-of-Care Testing (IFCC-SD-WG-SEPOCT)
- National survey on the pre-analytical variability in a representative cohort of Italian laboratories
- 10% CV concentration for the fourth generation Roche cardiac troponin T assay derived from Internal Quality Control data
- Biological variation of non-SI traceable biological quantities: example of proteins
- Effect of tibolone therapy on lipids and coagulation indices
- Acknowledgement
- Contents Volume 44, 2006
- Author Index
- Subject Index
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Initiation and progression of atherosclerosis – enzymatic or oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein?
- Blood transfusions in athletes. Old dogmas, new tricks
- Molecular detection of tyrosinase transcripts in peripheral blood from patients with malignant melanoma: correlation of PCR sensitivity threshold with clinical and pathologic disease characteristics
- Increase in and clearance of cell-free plasma DNA in hemodialysis quantified by real-time PCR
- Lipoprotein lipase gene polymorphism at the PvuII locus and serum lipid levels in Guangxi Hei Yi Zhuang and Han populations
- Interpretation of cardiac troponin T behaviour in size-exclusion chromatography
- Point-of-care C-reactive protein testing in febrile children in general practice
- Improvement in HPLC separation of porphyrin isomers and application to biochemical diagnosis of porphyrias
- Measurement of late-night salivary cortisol with an automated immunoassay system
- Combining markers of nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity for improved monitoring and detection of chronic alcohol abuse
- Stone or stricture as a cause of extrahepatic cholestasis – do liver function tests predict the diagnosis?
- Insulin resistance and enhanced protein glycation in men with prehypertension
- Prevalence-dependent decision limits for the early detection of type 2 diabetes mellitus in venous blood, venous plasma and capillary blood during glucose challenge
- Analytical performance and clinical utility of the INNOTEST® PHOSPHO-TAU(181P) assay for discrimination between Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies
- Variations in assay protocol for the Dako cystatin C method may change patient results by 50% without changing the results for controls
- Approved IFCC recommendation on reporting results for blood glucose: International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine Scientific Division, Working Group on Selective Electrodes and Point-of-Care Testing (IFCC-SD-WG-SEPOCT)
- National survey on the pre-analytical variability in a representative cohort of Italian laboratories
- 10% CV concentration for the fourth generation Roche cardiac troponin T assay derived from Internal Quality Control data
- Biological variation of non-SI traceable biological quantities: example of proteins
- Effect of tibolone therapy on lipids and coagulation indices
- Acknowledgement
- Contents Volume 44, 2006
- Author Index
- Subject Index
