Factors Affecting Intestinal Absorption of Highly Lipophilic Food Microconstituents (Fat-Soluble Vitamins, Carotenoids and Phytosterols)
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Patrick Borel
Abstract
Highly lipophilic food microconstituents (HLFMs) with octanol-water partition coefficients log10pc> 8 include the fat-soluble vitamins (A, E, D and K) and phytochemicals with potential health benefits, the carotenoids and phytosterols. It has been assumed that these compounds have the same metabolism in the human upper gastrointestinal tract and that they follow the same fate as lipids. However, a literature review shows that the metabolism of HLFMs in the upper gastrointestinal tract depends on each HLFM species. For example, some HLFM esters are hydrolyzed mainly by pancreatic lipase, others by bile salt-stimulated lipase; some HLFMs are apparently absorbed by passive diffusion, others by a transporter. Also, although some factors (HLFM molecular species, fat, food matrix) affect absorption efficiency of most HLFMs, other factors (fibers, microconstituents) apparently affect absorption only of some HLFMs. The mnemonic acronym SLAMENGHI, previously proposed to list the factors affecting the bioavailability of carotenoids, was used here to review current knowledge of the factors suspected to affect the intestinal absorption of HLFMs. The available data reveal numerous gaps in the knowledge of the metabolism of HLFMs and the factors that affect their absorption. These gaps need to be filled to be able to formulate HLFMs so as to promote greater absorption efficiency.
Copyright © 2003 by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG
Articles in the same Issue
- SIBioC 2003 35th National Congress of the Italian Society of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology, Florence, Italy, 14–17 October 2003
- Vitamins and Trace Elements: The Distances between Deficiency and Repletion and between Care and Prevention
- Factors Affecting Intestinal Absorption of Highly Lipophilic Food Microconstituents (Fat-Soluble Vitamins, Carotenoids and Phytosterols)
- Protective Effects of Antioxidant Micronutrients (Vitamin E, Zinc and Selenium) in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
- Biofactors in the Mediterranean Diet
- The Effect of Selenium on Immune Functions of J774.1 Cells
- Effects of Vitamin B12 and Folate Deficiencies on DNA Methylation and Carcinogenesis in Rat Liver
- Trace Elements, Innate Immune Response and Parasites
- Clinical B12 Deficiency in One Case of Recurrent Spontaneous Pregnancy Loss
- Low Frequency of Mutated Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase 677 C→T and 1298 A→C Genetics Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in Sub-Saharan Populations
- A Two-Step Method for the Extraction of High-Quality RNA from Endoscopic Biopsies
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- Stimulatory Effect of Homocysteine on Interleukin-8 Expression in Human Endothelial Cells
- Sensitive and Specific Photometric Determination of Mannitol in Human Serum
- Assessment of Hypolactasia and Site-Specific Intestinal Permeability by Differential Sugar Absorption of Raffinose, Lactose, Sucrose and Mannitol
- Human Plasminogen Is Highly Susceptible to Peroxynitrite Inactivation
- Analytical and Clinical Evaluation of a New Urinary Tumor Marker: Bladder Tumor Fibronectin in Diagnosis and Follow-up of Bladder Cancer
- Biological Variation of Lipoprotein(a) in a Diabetic Population. Analysis of the Causes and Clinical Implications
- Relationship of Dehydroepiandrosterone and Its 7-Hydroxylated Metabolites to Thyroid Parameters and Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG) in Healthy Subjects
- Comparability of Eight Immunoassay Procedures for the Determination of CA 15-3 and Related Markers
- Reference Values of Serum Total Sialic Acid for Healthy Adult Subjects and Comparison of Two Different Calibrators for Quantitation of Total Sialic Acid in High Performance Anion-Exchange Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection
- A Simple Method for the Classification of Proteinuria
- Meetings and Awards
Articles in the same Issue
- SIBioC 2003 35th National Congress of the Italian Society of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology, Florence, Italy, 14–17 October 2003
- Vitamins and Trace Elements: The Distances between Deficiency and Repletion and between Care and Prevention
- Factors Affecting Intestinal Absorption of Highly Lipophilic Food Microconstituents (Fat-Soluble Vitamins, Carotenoids and Phytosterols)
- Protective Effects of Antioxidant Micronutrients (Vitamin E, Zinc and Selenium) in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
- Biofactors in the Mediterranean Diet
- The Effect of Selenium on Immune Functions of J774.1 Cells
- Effects of Vitamin B12 and Folate Deficiencies on DNA Methylation and Carcinogenesis in Rat Liver
- Trace Elements, Innate Immune Response and Parasites
- Clinical B12 Deficiency in One Case of Recurrent Spontaneous Pregnancy Loss
- Low Frequency of Mutated Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase 677 C→T and 1298 A→C Genetics Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in Sub-Saharan Populations
- A Two-Step Method for the Extraction of High-Quality RNA from Endoscopic Biopsies
- Assay for Cross-Linked Carboxyterminal Telopeptide of Type I Collagen (ICTP) Unlike CrossLaps Assay Reflects Increased Pathological Degradation of Type I Collagen in Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Stimulatory Effect of Homocysteine on Interleukin-8 Expression in Human Endothelial Cells
- Sensitive and Specific Photometric Determination of Mannitol in Human Serum
- Assessment of Hypolactasia and Site-Specific Intestinal Permeability by Differential Sugar Absorption of Raffinose, Lactose, Sucrose and Mannitol
- Human Plasminogen Is Highly Susceptible to Peroxynitrite Inactivation
- Analytical and Clinical Evaluation of a New Urinary Tumor Marker: Bladder Tumor Fibronectin in Diagnosis and Follow-up of Bladder Cancer
- Biological Variation of Lipoprotein(a) in a Diabetic Population. Analysis of the Causes and Clinical Implications
- Relationship of Dehydroepiandrosterone and Its 7-Hydroxylated Metabolites to Thyroid Parameters and Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG) in Healthy Subjects
- Comparability of Eight Immunoassay Procedures for the Determination of CA 15-3 and Related Markers
- Reference Values of Serum Total Sialic Acid for Healthy Adult Subjects and Comparison of Two Different Calibrators for Quantitation of Total Sialic Acid in High Performance Anion-Exchange Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection
- A Simple Method for the Classification of Proteinuria
- Meetings and Awards
