Evaluation of Accuracy and Uncertainty of ELISA Assays for the Determination of Interleukin-4, Interleukin-5, Interferon-γ and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α
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Lone Borg
Abstract
The comparison of analytical results calls for validation of the assays used, i.e. for the documentation of accuracy (trueness and precision), linearity and specificity. In addition, there is a growing demand for evaluation and documentation of traceability and uncertainty of analytical results. However, models for establishing the traceability and uncertainty of immunoassay results are lacking.
Sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were developed for determination of the human cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-5 (IL-5), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α. The accuracy of each of the assays was evaluated in the ranges of 1–15 μg/l (IL-4), 0.001–1 μg/l (IL-5), 0.5–2.5 μg/l (IFN-γ) and 0.14–2.2 μg/l (TNF Other evaluated performance characteristics were the limit of detection (LOD), immunological specificity, and robustness. Traceability was ensured by the use of World Health Organization International Standards (WHO IS). An uncertainty budget, which combined the contribution from all known uncertainty components, was established for each cytokine ELISA.
The between-run relative analytical standard deviation (RsDA) of the assessed ELISAs was found to be in the range of 11–18%, except for IL-5 where RSDA increased at decreasing concentrations. The LOD was 0.12 μg/l, 0.0077 μg/l, 0.0069 μg/l and 0.0063 μg/l for IL-4, IL-5, IFN-γ and TNF-α respectively. Traceability to the WHO IS was established for each of the cytokines. The combined relative standard uncertainty (uresult/Cresult) was 28%, 22–62%, 28% and 24% for the IL-4, IL-5, IFN-γ and TNF-α results, respectively. The major contributions to uncertainty came from the relative analytical standard deviation and from the uncertainty of the mass concentration of the WHO IS. The uncertainty of the WHO IS was not stated in the accompanying certificate and was evaluated by other means.
The largest sources of uncertainty were located outside our laboratory. This means that the possibilities to improve the reliability of the results produced by the ELISAs are very limited. The task of evaluating measurement uncertainty would be much easier if producers of international reference standards reported the uncertainty of the value of standards. The model for evaluating uncertainty presented in this paper is applicable to other types of assays and to most analytical methods.
Copyright © 2002 by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG
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