Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Gene Polymorphism and Drug Response
Abstract
An insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) gene has been described in chromosome 17q23 of the human genome. Subjects with the genotype DD have markedly higher plasma ACE levels than those with genotype II; although ACE concentration in plasma is not rate-limiting for the production of angiotensin II, it has been suggested that the renin-angiotensin system may have an enhanced role in cardiovascular homeostasis in subjects with DD genotype or D allele. Metaanalysis confirmed the association of the D allele with an increased risk of myocardial infarction and stroke, but these relations are still uncertain with longevity and renal deterioration. Otherwise, I allele seems to be related with an improved response to physical training. The I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene is not a marker for any form of hypertension, though some conflicting results have been described. Nevertheless this polymorphism may have an influence on the antihypertensive response, particularly when using ACE inhibitors (ACEI). For example, blood pressure normalization with captopril in patients suffering from cardiac failure would be more effective in II genotype; conversely, both regression in left ventricular hypertrophy and improvement in diastolic filling would be greater after long-term treatment with enalapril in patients with essential hypertension and DD genotype. Conflicting results were also described using ACEI as a renoprotective therapy. This review therefore supports the justification for further evaluation in appropriately powered studies.
Copyright © 2000 by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG
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- Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Gene Polymorphism and Drug Response
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- CYP2D6 Genotyping in Patients on Psychoactive Drug Therapy
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Articles in the same Issue
- The Basis of the Medicine of Tomorrow "Validating and Using Pharmacogenomics" Joint IFCC-Roche Diagnostics Conference, Kyoto, Japan, 1619 April 2000
- Diagnostics and the Future of Medicine
- Operomics: Molecular Analysis of Tissues from DNA to RNA to Protein
- Idiosyncratic Reactions to Drugs: Can Medicine Response Profiles Provide a Dynamic Drug Surveillance System?
- Hunting for Disease Genes in Multi-Functional Diseases
- Familial Studies on the Genetics of Cardiovascular Diseases: the Stanislas Cohort
- Quantitative PCR
- Gene Amplification as Means for Determining Therapeutic Strategies in Human Cancers
- Apolipoprotein E Polymorphisms and Concentration in Chronic Diseases and Drug Responses
- Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Gene Polymorphism and Drug Response
- Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes, Polymorphisms and Interindividual Response to Environmental Toxicants
- Database Analysis and Gene Discovery in Pharmacogenetics
- How to Manage Individualized Drug Therapy: Application of Pharmacogenetic Knowledge of Drug Metabolism and Transport
- P-Glycoprotein and Bioavailability-Implication of Polymorphism
- Cancer Therapy and Polymorphisms of Cytochromes P450
- Polymorphisms in UDP Glucuronosyltransferase Genes: Functional Consequences and Clinical Relevance
- The Human Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein (MRP) Gene Family: From Biological Function to Drug Molecular Design
- Ethnic Differences in Drug Metabolism
- Hypervariable Region 1 of Hepatitis C Virus Genome and Response to Interferon Therapy
- A Functional Genomic Study of the Effects of Antipsychotic Agent Chlorpromazine in PC12 Cells
- Influence of Glutathione S-Transferase M1 and T1 Genotypes on Larynx Cancer Risk among Korean Smokers
- CYP2D6 Genotyping in Patients on Psychoactive Drug Therapy
- Genotyping of CYP2D6 in Parkinsons's Disease
- Rapid Analysis of CGG Repeat Length in the FMR1 Gene
- Multiplex In-cell Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Simultaneous Detection of p210 and p190 BCR-ABL mRNAs in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia and Philadelphia-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cell Lines
