Apolipoprotein E Polymorphisms and Concentration in Chronic Diseases and Drug Responses
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Gérard Siest
Abstract
Apolipoprotein (apo) E is an important circulating and tissue protein involved in cholesterol homeostasis and many other functions. The common polymorphism in the coding region of the gene, four polymorphisms in the promoter region, other additional single nucleotide polymorphisms, as well as several apo E variants have been identified. The common coding polymorphism strongly influences the lipid metabolism and the circulating concentration of apo E itself. This polymorphism is at the origin of the implication of apo E in cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, but also of the relation of apo E with longevity. Probably due to its many metabolic and functional consequences, apo E polymorphism has been shown to influence the responses of patients to several drugs (fibrates, statins, hormone replacement therapy, anti-Alzheimer drugs) or environmental interventions (black tea, alcohol, diet). Apo E genotyping may be clinically helpful in defining the risk of patients and their responses to therapeutics. Finally, circulating apo E concentration appears to be altered in diseases and can be modulated by some of the drugs cited above. This parameter can thus also give interesting clinical information and could be a therapeutic target, providing it is validated. At the present time, we cannot exclude that apo E concentration may be the most prominent apo E parameter to be considered in health and disease, while apo E polymorphisms would represent only secondary parameters influencing apo E concentration.
Copyright © 2000 by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG
Articles in the same Issue
- The Basis of the Medicine of Tomorrow "Validating and Using Pharmacogenomics" Joint IFCC-Roche Diagnostics Conference, Kyoto, Japan, 1619 April 2000
- Diagnostics and the Future of Medicine
- Operomics: Molecular Analysis of Tissues from DNA to RNA to Protein
- Idiosyncratic Reactions to Drugs: Can Medicine Response Profiles Provide a Dynamic Drug Surveillance System?
- Hunting for Disease Genes in Multi-Functional Diseases
- Familial Studies on the Genetics of Cardiovascular Diseases: the Stanislas Cohort
- Quantitative PCR
- Gene Amplification as Means for Determining Therapeutic Strategies in Human Cancers
- Apolipoprotein E Polymorphisms and Concentration in Chronic Diseases and Drug Responses
- Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Gene Polymorphism and Drug Response
- Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes, Polymorphisms and Interindividual Response to Environmental Toxicants
- Database Analysis and Gene Discovery in Pharmacogenetics
- How to Manage Individualized Drug Therapy: Application of Pharmacogenetic Knowledge of Drug Metabolism and Transport
- P-Glycoprotein and Bioavailability-Implication of Polymorphism
- Cancer Therapy and Polymorphisms of Cytochromes P450
- Polymorphisms in UDP Glucuronosyltransferase Genes: Functional Consequences and Clinical Relevance
- The Human Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein (MRP) Gene Family: From Biological Function to Drug Molecular Design
- Ethnic Differences in Drug Metabolism
- Hypervariable Region 1 of Hepatitis C Virus Genome and Response to Interferon Therapy
- A Functional Genomic Study of the Effects of Antipsychotic Agent Chlorpromazine in PC12 Cells
- Influence of Glutathione S-Transferase M1 and T1 Genotypes on Larynx Cancer Risk among Korean Smokers
- CYP2D6 Genotyping in Patients on Psychoactive Drug Therapy
- Genotyping of CYP2D6 in Parkinsons's Disease
- Rapid Analysis of CGG Repeat Length in the FMR1 Gene
- Multiplex In-cell Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Simultaneous Detection of p210 and p190 BCR-ABL mRNAs in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia and Philadelphia-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cell Lines
Articles in the same Issue
- The Basis of the Medicine of Tomorrow "Validating and Using Pharmacogenomics" Joint IFCC-Roche Diagnostics Conference, Kyoto, Japan, 1619 April 2000
- Diagnostics and the Future of Medicine
- Operomics: Molecular Analysis of Tissues from DNA to RNA to Protein
- Idiosyncratic Reactions to Drugs: Can Medicine Response Profiles Provide a Dynamic Drug Surveillance System?
- Hunting for Disease Genes in Multi-Functional Diseases
- Familial Studies on the Genetics of Cardiovascular Diseases: the Stanislas Cohort
- Quantitative PCR
- Gene Amplification as Means for Determining Therapeutic Strategies in Human Cancers
- Apolipoprotein E Polymorphisms and Concentration in Chronic Diseases and Drug Responses
- Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Gene Polymorphism and Drug Response
- Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes, Polymorphisms and Interindividual Response to Environmental Toxicants
- Database Analysis and Gene Discovery in Pharmacogenetics
- How to Manage Individualized Drug Therapy: Application of Pharmacogenetic Knowledge of Drug Metabolism and Transport
- P-Glycoprotein and Bioavailability-Implication of Polymorphism
- Cancer Therapy and Polymorphisms of Cytochromes P450
- Polymorphisms in UDP Glucuronosyltransferase Genes: Functional Consequences and Clinical Relevance
- The Human Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein (MRP) Gene Family: From Biological Function to Drug Molecular Design
- Ethnic Differences in Drug Metabolism
- Hypervariable Region 1 of Hepatitis C Virus Genome and Response to Interferon Therapy
- A Functional Genomic Study of the Effects of Antipsychotic Agent Chlorpromazine in PC12 Cells
- Influence of Glutathione S-Transferase M1 and T1 Genotypes on Larynx Cancer Risk among Korean Smokers
- CYP2D6 Genotyping in Patients on Psychoactive Drug Therapy
- Genotyping of CYP2D6 in Parkinsons's Disease
- Rapid Analysis of CGG Repeat Length in the FMR1 Gene
- Multiplex In-cell Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Simultaneous Detection of p210 and p190 BCR-ABL mRNAs in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia and Philadelphia-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cell Lines
