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CD 14++ Monocytes, CD14+/CD16+ Subset and Soluble CD14 as Biological Markers of Inflammatory Systemic Diseases and Monitoring Immuno-suppressive Therapy
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Juergen E. Scherberich
Published/Copyright:
June 1, 2005
Abstract
The majority of peripheral blood monocytes strongly positive for the lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-receptor CD14 are negative for Fcγ receptor type III (CD16). However, a subset of monocytes coexpressing CD14 and CD16 accounts for about 8% of all monocytes. This population exhibits features of tissue macrophages, and is largely expanded (> 20 %) during acute and chronic inflammatory diseases including cases with pararheumatic systemic vasculitis. In addition, compared to normal controls, soluble CD14 (sCD14) is elevated (> 3 μg/ml) in serum specimens of these patients. CD14+/CD16+ monocytes show a higher phagocytosis rate than CD14+/CD16 negative cells, and express higher levels of interleukin-1 and major histocompatibility complex, such as histocompatibility antigens HLA-DR, -DP and -DQ antigens. Glucocorticoids downregulate expression of CD14 and rapidly deplete CD14+/CD16+ monocytes from peripheral blood. Patients under chronic immunosuppressive therapy exhibit low CD14/+/CD16+ rates, which may rise during infectious and non-infectious inflammatory complications, however. Thus, serial analyses for sCD14 and the proinflammatory CD14+/CD16+ subset of monocytes suggest a valuable tool monitoring patients under immunosuppressive and/or antiinflammatory therapy.
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Published Online: 2005-06-01
Published in Print: 1999-03-01
Copyright (c)1999 by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG
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