Microalbuminuria in Diabetes
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Ruggero Mangili
Abstract
Microalbuminuria is still the only early abnormality of the diabetic kidney that has an established prognostic value. Microalbuminuria evolves into clinical nephropathy and renal failure in a majority of cases of insulin-dependent diabetic patients, and is defined by the detection of urinary albumin excretion rates of 20–200 μg/min in timed urine collections. The occurrence of microalbuminuria at rates of 5–27 % of non-proteinuric patients and cost-benefit considerations justify the screening for microalbuminuria in diabetic outpatient clinics. Both near-normalisation of glycaemic control and treatment with ACE-inhibitors are indicated in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes to correct the progression of micro- to macroalbuminuria. Other therapeutic perspectives are being considered, but the current notion that the available therapies may not arrest the course of nephropathy at this stage suggests that earlier interventions may be required. Prevention of microalbuminuria and overt nephropathy may require a primary approach to the subset of patients with a genetic predisposition to this complication, and several studies (candidate gene or genomic scan with microsatellite probes) now address the chromosomal loci and the nature of the genes that may involved.
Copyright (c) 1999 by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG
Articles in the same Issue
- Author Index
- Contents
- Subject Index
- Polymorphisms of Coagulation Factor Genes a Review
- Urinalysis-Challenges by New Medical Needs and Advanced Technologies
- The Automation of Sediment Urinalysis Using a New Urine Flow Cytometer (UF-100™)
- Urinary Microscopy as Seen by Nephrologists
- Measurement of Urine Relative Density Using Refractometer and Reagent Strips
- Dry Chemistry Urinalysis of Pathological Proteinuria
- Physiopathology of Proteinuria and Laboratory Diagnostic Strategy Based on Single Protein Analysis
- Microalbuminuria in Diabetes
- European Multicentre Evaluation of the Super Aution SA-4220 Urinalysis Analyser
- Optimized Detection of DNA Point Mutations by Double Gradient Denaturing Gradient Gel
- Is the Association of Serum Lipase with β2-Microglobulin or C-Reactive Protein Useful for Establishing the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Patients with Acute Pancreatitis?
- Analytical and Clinical Performance of an Automated Immunoassay System (Immulite®) for Estradiol in Serum
- Evaluation of the Activated Partial Thrombo-plastin Time (APTT) Sensitivity to Heparin Using Five Commercial Reagents: Implications for Therapeutic Monitoring
- An Alternative Analysis for Crossover Studies that Accounts for Between-Group Disparities in Drug Response
Articles in the same Issue
- Author Index
- Contents
- Subject Index
- Polymorphisms of Coagulation Factor Genes a Review
- Urinalysis-Challenges by New Medical Needs and Advanced Technologies
- The Automation of Sediment Urinalysis Using a New Urine Flow Cytometer (UF-100™)
- Urinary Microscopy as Seen by Nephrologists
- Measurement of Urine Relative Density Using Refractometer and Reagent Strips
- Dry Chemistry Urinalysis of Pathological Proteinuria
- Physiopathology of Proteinuria and Laboratory Diagnostic Strategy Based on Single Protein Analysis
- Microalbuminuria in Diabetes
- European Multicentre Evaluation of the Super Aution SA-4220 Urinalysis Analyser
- Optimized Detection of DNA Point Mutations by Double Gradient Denaturing Gradient Gel
- Is the Association of Serum Lipase with β2-Microglobulin or C-Reactive Protein Useful for Establishing the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Patients with Acute Pancreatitis?
- Analytical and Clinical Performance of an Automated Immunoassay System (Immulite®) for Estradiol in Serum
- Evaluation of the Activated Partial Thrombo-plastin Time (APTT) Sensitivity to Heparin Using Five Commercial Reagents: Implications for Therapeutic Monitoring
- An Alternative Analysis for Crossover Studies that Accounts for Between-Group Disparities in Drug Response
