Dendritic cell subtypes as primary targets of vaccines: the emerging role and cross-talk of pattern recognition receptors
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Szilvia Benkő
Abstract
Preventive vaccination is the most successful approach against infectious diseases and has a great impact on world health. Vaccines operate through the activation of innate immunity that helps to stimulate antigen-specific T- and B-lymphocytes. These events are orchestrated by dendritic cells (DCs) that are able to sample foreign structures and concomitantly sense ‘danger signals’. Thus, DCs provide a functional link between innate and acquired immunity, and due to their regulatory potential are referred to as natural adjuvants. Human conventional and plasmacytoid DCs express different sets of well-characterized Toll-like membrane receptors (TLRs) that recognize a broad range of conserved molecular patterns of pathogens. The recently discovered cytosolic Nod-like receptors (NLRs) and RIG-like helicases (RLHs) also turned out to participate in pathogen recognition and modulation of immune responses through interacting signaling pathways. As a result of their collaboration, the TLR, NLR and RLH recognition systems induce the secretion of different combinations of cytokines that play a fundamental role in T-cell activation and instruction. Ligands of the innate recognition systems emerge as new adjuvants for vaccine design, whereas manipulation of the signaling pathways mediated by these receptors offers new avenues for fine tuning immune responses and optimizing immunotherapies.
©2008 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin New York
Articles in the same Issue
- Guest Editorial
- Novel paradigms in vaccine development: from small pox eradication to therapeutic vaccines
- Highlight: 3rd Semmering Conference 2007
- Adaptive immune responses to hepatitis C virus: from viral immunobiology to a vaccine
- Dendritic cell subtypes as primary targets of vaccines: the emerging role and cross-talk of pattern recognition receptors
- Novel strategies to identify biomarkers in tuberculosis
- Not to wake a sleeping giant: new insights into host-pathogen interactions identify new targets for vaccination against latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
- Lipopolysaccharide: a tool and target in enterobacterial vaccine development
- The coming of age of virus-like particle vaccines
- Maintenance of serological memory
- Adjuvant activity of type I interferons
- Japanese encephalitis vaccines – needs, flaws and achievements
- Analysis of the human cytomegalovirus pp65-directed T-cell response in healthy HLA-A2-positive individuals
- Non-regulatory CD8+CD45RO+CD25+ T-lymphocytes may compensate for the loss of antigen-inexperienced CD8+CD45RA+ T-cells in old age
- Pre-clinical development of cell culture (Vero)-derived H5N1 pandemic vaccines
- Construction of an encapsulated ESAT-6-based anti-TB DNA vaccine and evaluation of its immunogenic properties
- Review
- RNA switches regulate initiation of translation in bacteria
- Protein Structure and Function
- Inhibition of bacterial oxidases by formamide and analogs
- Modeling of variant copies of subunit D1 in the structure of photosystem II from Thermosynechococcus elongatus
Articles in the same Issue
- Guest Editorial
- Novel paradigms in vaccine development: from small pox eradication to therapeutic vaccines
- Highlight: 3rd Semmering Conference 2007
- Adaptive immune responses to hepatitis C virus: from viral immunobiology to a vaccine
- Dendritic cell subtypes as primary targets of vaccines: the emerging role and cross-talk of pattern recognition receptors
- Novel strategies to identify biomarkers in tuberculosis
- Not to wake a sleeping giant: new insights into host-pathogen interactions identify new targets for vaccination against latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
- Lipopolysaccharide: a tool and target in enterobacterial vaccine development
- The coming of age of virus-like particle vaccines
- Maintenance of serological memory
- Adjuvant activity of type I interferons
- Japanese encephalitis vaccines – needs, flaws and achievements
- Analysis of the human cytomegalovirus pp65-directed T-cell response in healthy HLA-A2-positive individuals
- Non-regulatory CD8+CD45RO+CD25+ T-lymphocytes may compensate for the loss of antigen-inexperienced CD8+CD45RA+ T-cells in old age
- Pre-clinical development of cell culture (Vero)-derived H5N1 pandemic vaccines
- Construction of an encapsulated ESAT-6-based anti-TB DNA vaccine and evaluation of its immunogenic properties
- Review
- RNA switches regulate initiation of translation in bacteria
- Protein Structure and Function
- Inhibition of bacterial oxidases by formamide and analogs
- Modeling of variant copies of subunit D1 in the structure of photosystem II from Thermosynechococcus elongatus
