Thrombin Signaling in the Brain: The Role of Protease-Activated Receptors
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Abstract
Signaling by the protease thrombin has started to be appreciated in cell biology, especially since the gene for proteaseactivated receptor-1 (PAR-1) has been cloned. Apart from the central role of thrombin in blood coagulation and wound healing, thrombin also regulates cellular functions in a large variety of cells through PAR-1, PAR-3 and PAR-4. Receptors are activated by a proteolytic cleavage mechanism via G protein-coupled signaling pathways. Accumulating evidence shows that thrombin changes the morphology of neurons and astrocytes, induces glial cell proliferation, and even exerts, depending on the concentration applied, either cytoprotective or cytotoxic effects on neural cells. These effects may be mediated, through either distinct or overlapping signal transduction cascades, by activation of PARs. This review focuses on the underlying signaling events initiated by thrombin in neuronal and glial cells, to summarize our understanding of the intracellular signaling machinery linking thrombin receptors to their potential physiological and pathological functions in the CNS.
Copyright © 2003 by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG
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Artikel in diesem Heft
- Obituary
- Thrombin Signaling in the Brain: The Role of Protease-Activated Receptors
- Transcriptional Repression of the Human p53 Gene by Hepatitis B Viral Core Protein (HBc) in Human Liver Cells
- Identification of Cytosolic Leucyl Aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.1) as the Major Cysteinylglycine-Hydrolysing Activity in Rat Liver
- A Novel Influenza A Virus Activating Enzyme from Porcine Lung: Purification and Characterization
- Binding of Urokinase Plasminogen Activator to gp130 via a Putative Urokinase-Binding Consensus Sequence
- Modifications of Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Induced by Increasing Concentrations of Peroxynitrite: Early Recognition by 20S Proteasome
- Different Isoforms of the Non-Integrin Laminin Receptor Are Present in Mouse Brain and Bind PrP
- Cell-Type Specific Targeting and Gene Expression Using a Variant of Polyoma VP1 Virus-Like Particles
- Quantitation of Membrane Type Serine Protease 1 (MT-SP1) in Transformed and Normal Cells
- Interaction of Heat Shock Protein 70 Peptide with NK Cells Involves the NK Receptor CD94
- Cystatins C, E/M and F in Human Pleural Fluids of Patients with Neoplastic and Inflammatory Lung Disorders
- A Homodimeric Sporamin-Type Trypsin Inhibitor with Antiproliferative, HIV Reverse Transcriptase-Inhibitory and Antifungal Activities from Wampee (Clausena lansium) Seeds
- Primary Structure and Reactive Site of a Novel Wheat Proteinase Inhibitor of Subtilisin and Chymotrypsin
- Diverse Enzymatic Specificities of Digestive Proteases, 'Intestains', Enable Colorado Potato Beetle Larvae to Counteract the Potato Defence Mechanism
- Protease Inhibitors Prevent Plasminogen-Mediated, But Not Pemphigus Vulgaris-Induced, Acantholysis in Human Epidermis
- Purification and Primary Structure Determination of Human Lysosomal Dipeptidase
- A Bioinformatic Approach to the Identification of Candidate Genes for the Development of New Cancer Diagnostics
