Re-Evaluation of Amino Acid Sequence and Structural Consensus Rules for Cysteine-Nitric Oxide Reactivity
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Paolo Ascenzi
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), produced in different cell types through the conversion of Larginine into Lcitrulline by the enzyme NO synthase, has been proposed to exert its action in several physiological and pathological events. The great propensity for nitrosothiol formation and breakdown represents a mechanism which modulates the action of macromolecules containing NOreactive Cys residues at their active centre and/or allosteric sites. Based on the human haemoglobin (Hb) structure and accounting for the known acidbase catalysed Cys?93-nitrosylation and Cys?93NOdenitrosylation processes, the putative amino acid sequence (Lys/Arg/His/Asp/Glu)Cys(Asp/Glu) (sites 1, 0, and + 1, respectively) has been proposed as the minimum consensus motif for CysNO reactivity. Although not found in human Hb, the presence of a polar amino acid residue (Gly/Ser/Thr/Cys/Tyr/Asn/Gln) at the 2 position has been observed in some NOreactive protein sequences (e.g., NMDA receptors). However, the most important component of the tri or tetrapeptide consensus motif has been recognised as the Cys(Asp/Glu) pair [Stamler et al., Neuron (1997) 18, 691 696]. Here, we analyse the threedimensional structure of several proteins containing NOreactive Cys residues, and show that their nitrosylation and denitrosylation processes may depend on the CysS? atomic structural microenvironment rather than on the tri or tetrapeptide sequence consensus motif.
Copyright © 2000 by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG
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- Erratum
Articles in the same Issue
- Characterization of Regulatory Elements in the 5'-Flanking Region of the GM2 Activator Gene
- Transcriptional Activity of GLI1 Is Negatively Regulated by Protein Kinase A
- Peptide Bond Synthesis: Function of the efp Gene Product
- Molecular Cloning, Expression and Purification of Muscle Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphatase from Zaocys dhumnades: the Role of the N-Terminal Sequence in AMP Activation at Alkaline pH
- The pH-Dependent Interaction of Cinnamomin with Lipid Membranes Investigated by Fluorescence Methods
- Nitric Oxide Detection and Visualization in Biological Systems. Applications of the FNOCT Method
- Processing of V-ATPase Subunit B of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. Is Mediated in Vitro by a Protease and/or Reactive Oxygen Species
- The Thioredoxin Boxes of Thyroglobulin: Possible Implications for Intermolecular Disulfide Bond Formation in the Follicle Lumen
- New Bivalent Thrombin Inhibitors with N? (Methyl)Arginine at the P1-Position
- Multiple Promoters Direct the Tissue-Specific Expression of Rat Mitochondrial Glycerol-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase
- Characterization of SNP, a Novel Tissue- and Phase-Specific Nuclear Protein Expressed during the Proliferative Phase in the Oviduct of the Lizard Podarcis sicula Raf.
- Association of Betaine-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase with Microtubules
- Re-Evaluation of Amino Acid Sequence and Structural Consensus Rules for Cysteine-Nitric Oxide Reactivity
- Expression of Human Tissue Kallikrein in Differentiated HL-60 Cells
- Erratum
