Regulation of the Sea Urchin Early H2A Histone Gene Expression Depends on the Modulator Element and on Sequences Located near the 3′ End
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F. Palla
Abstract
Transcription of the sea urchin early histone genes occurs transiently during early cleavage, reaching the maximum at the morula stage and declining to an undetectable level at the gastrula stage. To identify the regulatory elements responsible for the timing and the levels of transcription of the H2A gene, we used promoter binding studies in nuclear extracts and microinjection of a CAT transgene driven by the early H2A promoter. We found that morula and gastrula nuclear proteins produced indistinguishable DNase I footprint patterns on the H2A promoter. Two sites of interactions, centred on the modulator/enhancer and on the CCAAT box respectively, were detected. Deletion of the modulator or coinjection of an excess of modulator sequences severely affected the expression of two transgenes driven by the enhancer-less and modulator-containing H2A promoter. Finally, a DNA fragment containing 3′ coding and post-H2A spacer sequences, where upon silencing three micrococcal nuclease hypersensitive sites were previously mapped, specifically repressed at the gastrula stage the expression of the transgene driven by the H2A promoter. These results indicate that the modulator is essential for the expression of early H2A gene and that sequences for down-regulation are localized near the 3′ end of the H2A gene.
Copyright © 1999 by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG
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Articles in the same Issue
- Editors Note
- Shoulder Hopping on Giants
- Moving from Zurich to Vienna Up or Down?
- The IMP and European Molecular Biology: Moving the Centre Eastwards
- Max, the Vienna Biocenter and Other Spin Off
- The Functions of Breast Cancer Susceptibility Gene 1 (BRCA1) Product and Its Associated Proteins
- Lymphocyte Antigen Receptor Signal Integration and Regulation by the SHC Adaptor
- New Insights into Signal Recognition and Elongation Arrest Activities of the Signal Recognition Particle
- Being at the Right Place at the Right Time: The Role of Nuclear Transport in Dynamic Transcriptional Regulation in Yeast
- Plectin: A Cytolinker by Design
- Regulation of the Sea Urchin Early H2A Histone Gene Expression Depends on the Modulator Element and on Sequences Located near the 3′ End
- A Ribosomal Orphon Sequence from <I>Xenopus laevis</I> Flanked by Novel Low Copy Number Repetitive Elements
- Characterization of the Transcription Factor MTF-1 from the Japanese Pufferfish (<I>Fugu rubripes</I>) Reveals Evolutionary Conservation of Heavy Metal Stress Response
- A Novel Way to Induce Erythroid Progenitor Self Renewal: Cooperation of c-Kit with the Erythropoietin Receptor
- An Unexpected Role for p53 in Augmenting SV40 Large T Antigen-Mediated Tumorigenesis
- The Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigen 2 (EBNA2), a Protein Required for B Lymphocyte Immortalization, Induces the Synthesis of Type I Interferon in Burkitts Lymphoma Cell Lines
- Regulation of Human c-Abl Tyrosine Kinase Activity in <I>Xenopus</I> Oocytes and Acceleration of Progesterone-Induced G2/M Transition by Oncogenic Forms
- Cmdr1, a Chicken P-Glycoprotein, Confers Multidrug Resistance and Interacts with Estradiol
- Probing Ribosome Structure by Europium-Induced RNA Cleavage
- The Oct-1 POU Domain Directs Developmentally Regulated Nuclear Translocation in Xenopus Embryos
- Constitutive Expression of Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in Rat Oligodendrocytes
- Conformational Study of the HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor 1-[(2-Hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6-(phenylthio)thymine (HEPT)
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