Masterpieces of History: The Peaceful End of the Cold War in Europe, 1989

Book

Masterpieces of History

The Peaceful End of the Cold War in Europe, 1989

Edited by: Svetlana Savranskaya , Thomas S. Blanton and Vladislav Zubok
In collaboration with: The National Security Archive

Language: English

Published/Copyright: 2010

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This book is in the series

National Security Archive Cold War Reader

This book is in the series

CEU National Security Archive Cold War Reader

About this book

Twenty years in the making, this collection presents 122 top-level Soviet, European and American records on the superpowers' role in the annus mirabilis of 1989. Consisting of Politburo minutes; diary entries from Gorbachev's senior aide, Anatoly Chernyaev; meeting notes and private communications of Gorbachev with George H.W. Bush, Margaret Thatcher, Helmut Kohl and François Mitterrand; and high-level CIA analyses, this volume offers a rare insider's look at the historic, world-transforming events that culminated in the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe and the end of the Cold War. Most of these records have never been published before.

Author / Editor information

Savranskaya Svetlana :

Svetlana Savranskaya is a Senior Research Fellow of the National Security Archive at George Washington University in Washington, D.C. and since 2001 the director of the Archive's Russia programs.

Blanton Thomas S. :

Thomas S. Blanton is Director of the National Security Archive at George Washington University in Washington, D.C.

Zubok Vladislav :

Vladislav Zubok is Professor of International History at the London School of Economics. Among his publications are Anti-Americanism in Russia: From Stalin to Putin (with Eric Shiraev, Palgrave Press, 2000); Zhivago’s Children: The Last Russian Intelligentsia (Harvard University Press, 2009); The Idea of Russia. The Life and the Works of Dmitry Likhachev (I. B. Tauris, 2016).

Topics

History Regional and National History Europe Eastern Europe

Frontmatter Publicly Available Download PDF	i
Table of Contents Publicly Available Download PDF	v
Preface and Acknowledgements Publicly Available Download PDF	xv
Foreword Anatoly S. Chernyaev Publicly Available Download PDF	xxi
Foreword Jack F. Matlock Publicly Available Download PDF	xxv
Acronyms Publicly Available Download PDF	xxvii
Chronology of Events Publicly Available Download PDF	xxix
The Logic of 1989: The Soviet Peaceful Withdrawal from Eastern Europe Svetlana Savranskaya Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	1
U.S. Policy and the Revolutions of 1989 Thomas Blanton Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	49
Dialogue: The Musgrove Conference, May 1–3, 1998 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	99
Documents
Document No. 1: Transcript of Mikhail Gorbachev’s Conference with CC CPSU Secretaries, March 15, 1985 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	217
Document No. 2: Diary of Anatoly Chernyaev regarding the “Vladimirov” Article, July 5, 1985 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	220
Document No. 3: Memorandum from Anatoly Chernyaev to Aleksandr Yakovlev on Germany and Eastern Europe, March 10, 1986 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	222
Document No. 4: Speech by Mikhail Gorbachev to Ministry of Foreign Affairs, May 28, 1986 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	224
Document No. 5: Notes of CC CPSU Politburo Session, June 13, 1986 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	226
Document No. 6: Memorandum from Mikhail Gorbachev to the CC CPSU Politburo on Topical Questions regarding Collaboration with Socialist Countries, June 26, 1986 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	230
Document No. 7: Notes of CC CPSU Politburo Session, July 3, 1986 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	234
Document No. 8: Transcript of CC CPSU Politburo Session, November 13, 1986 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	236
Document No. 9: Notes of CC CPSU Politburo Session, January 29, 1987 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	241
Document No. 10: Proposal from Georgy Shakhnazarov to the CPSU for a Partial Soviet Troop Withdrawal from the ČSSR, March 1987 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	244
Document No. 11: Notes of CC CPSU Politburo Session. Report on Mikhail Gorbachev’s Visit to Czechoslovakia, April 16, 1987 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	247
Document No. 12: Notes of CC CPSU Politburo Session, May 8, 1987 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	249
Document No. 13: Report on Mikhail Gorbachev’s Visit to Romania, June 4, 1987 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	253
Document No. 14: Report on Eduard Shevardnadze’s Visits to Bulgaria, Hungary, and Yugoslavia, July 9, 1987 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	255
Document No. 15: State Department Intelligence and Research Report: “Economic Reform in the USSR and Eastern Europe”, September 16, 1987 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	257
Document No. 16: Notes of CC CPSU Politburo Session, November 19, 1987 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	259
Document No. 17: Memorandum from Robert Gates, “Gorbachev’s Gameplan: The Long View”, November 24, 1987 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	261
Document No. 18: Telegram from Rozanne Ridgeway to All European Diplomatic Posts, “Eastern Europe: Invitation to the Dance”, December 1987 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	264
Document No. 19: Notes of CC CPSU Politburo Session, March 10, 1988 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	265
Document No. 20: Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Lazar Moisov, March 14, 1988 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	268
Document No. 21: Notes of CC CPSU Politburo Session, March 24–25, 1988 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	269
Document No. 22: Record of the Main Content of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Gustáv Husák, April 12, 1988 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	271
Document No. 23: Record of the Main Content of a Telephone Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and János Kádár, May 19, 1988 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	273
Document No. 24: Comments from Georgy Shakhnazarov on Viktor Kulikov’s Report at the Warsaw Treaty PCC, May 25, 1988 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	277
Document No. 25: National Intelligence Estimate 11/12-9-88, “Soviet Policy toward Eastern Europe under Gorbachev”, May 1988 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	280
Document No. 26: Notes of CC CPSU Politburo Session, June 20, 1988 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	286
Document No. 27: Speech by Mikhail Gorbachev at a Dinner with Wojciech Jaruzelski, July 11, 1988 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	290
Document No. 28: Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Józef Czyrek, September 23, 1988 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	292
Document No. 29: Preparatory Notes from Georgy Shakhnazarov for Mikhail Gorbachev for CC CPSU Politburo Meeting, October 6, 1988 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	306
Document No. 30: Diary of Anatoly Chernyaev regarding a Meeting between Mikhail Gorbachev and Helmut Kohl, October 28, 1988 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	309
Document No. 31: Notes of a Meeting between Mikhail Gorbachev and Foreign Policy Advisers, October 31, 1988 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	311
Document No. 32: Summary of Conversations between Károly Grósz, János Berecz, Miklós Németh, Mátyás Szűrös and Aleksandr Yakovlev, November 10–11, 1988 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	313
Document No. 33: CIA Intelligence Assessment, “Gorbachev’s September Housecleaning: An Early Evaluation”, December 1988 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	325
Document No. 34: Diary of Anatoly Chernyaev on the Situation in the Baltics, December 10, 1988 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	331
Document No. 35: Transcript of CC CPSU Politburo Session, December 27–28, 1988 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	332
Document No. 36: Record of Conversation between Aleksandr Yakovlev and Henry Kissinger, January 16, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	341
Document No. 37: Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Henry Kissinger, January 17, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	345
Document No. 38: Letter from George H.W. Bush to Mikhail Gorbachev, January 17, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	347
Document No. 39: Report from Mikhail Gorbachev to the CC CPSU Politburo regarding His Meeting with the Trilateral Commission, January 21, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	349
Document No. 40: Notes of Telephone Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and George H.W. Bush, January 23, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	352
Document No. 41: Memorandum from CC CPSU International Department, “On a Strategy for Relations with the European Socialist Countries”, February 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	353
Document No. 42: Memorandum from the Bogomolov Institute, “Changes in Eastern Europe and their Impact on the USSR”, February 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	365
Document No. 43: Cable from Jack Matlock to State Department, “The Soviet Union over the Next Four Years”, February 3, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	382
Document No. 44: Memorandum from Anatoly Chernyaev to Vadim Zagladin, February 4, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	389
Document No. 45: Cable from Jack Matlock to State Department, “The Soviet Union over the Next Four Years”, February 13, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	390
Document No. 46: Report on Vadim Medvedev’s Visit to Romania, February 16, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	397
Document No. 47: Cable from Jack Matlock to State Department, “U.S.–Soviet Relations: Policy Opportunities”, February 22, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	399
Document No. 48: Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Achille Occhetto, February 28, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	408
Document No. 49: Notes of CC CPSU Politburo Session, March 3, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	411
Document No. 50: Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Miklós Németh, March 3, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	412
Document No. 51: Notes of Mikhail Gorbachev’s Meeting with Soviet Ambassadors to Socialist Countries, March 3, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	414
Document No. 52: Record of Conversations between Mikhail Gorbachev and Károly Grósz, March 23–24, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	418
Document No. 53: Transcript of CC CPSU Politburo Session, “Outcome of the USSR People’s Deputies Elections”, March 28, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	420
Document No. 54: CIA Intelligence Assessment, “Rising Political Instability under Gorbachev: Understanding the Problem and Prospects for Resolution”, April 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	432
Document No. 55: Report from Vadim Zagladin on Conversation with Jan Pudlák, April 1, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	436
Document No. 56: Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Margaret Thatcher, April 6, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	438
Document No. 57: National Intelligence Estimate 11-4-89, “Soviet Policy toward the West: The Gorbachev Challenge”, April 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	442
Document No. 58: Session of the CC CPSU Politburo, April 20, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	446
Document No. 59: Diary of Anatoly Chernyaev regarding Gorbachev’s State of Mind, May 2, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	449
Document No. 60: Session of the CC CPSU Politburo, May 11, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	450
Document No. 61: Transcript of CC PUWP Secretariat Meeting, June 5, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	452
Document No. 62: Record of Conversation between Erich Honecker and Eduard Shevardnadze, June 9, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	460
Document No. 63: Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Helmut Kohl, June 12, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	463
Document No. 64: Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Richard von Weizsäcker, June 12, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	468
Document No. 65: Transcript of Opening Full Session of Hungarian National Roundtable Negotiations, June 13, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	470
Document No. 66: Record of Second Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Helmut Kohl, June 13, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	475
Document No. 67: Record of Third Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Helmut Kohl, June 14, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	476
Document No. 68: Memorandum of Telephone Conversation between George H.W. Bush and Helmut Kohl, June 15, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	479
Document No. 69: Memorandum of Telephone Conversation between George H.W. Bush and Helmut Kohl, June 23, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	482
Document No. 70: Letter from Helmut Kohl to George H.W. Bush, June 28, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	484
Document No. 71: Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev, François Mitterrand and Their Spouses, July 4, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	488
Document No. 72: Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and François Mitterrand, July 5, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	490
Document No. 73: Address by Mikhail Gorbachev to the Council of Europe in Strasbourg, July 6, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	492
Document No. 74: Record of Concluding Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and François Mitterrand, July 6, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	497
Document No. 75: Notes of Meeting of Warsaw Treaty Member-States, July 8, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	499
Document No. 76: Information Note regarding George H.W. Bush’s Visit to Poland (July 9–11), July 18, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	503
Document No. 77: Record of Conversation between Aleksandr Yakovlev and Jack Matlock, July 20, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	506
Document No. 78: Report from Rezső Nyers and Károly Grósz on Negotiations with Mikhail Gorbachev, July 24–25, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	511
Document No. 79: Transcript of SED Politburo Sessions, September 5, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	515
Document No. 80: Memorandum of Conversation between Oskar Fischer and Vyacheslav Kochemassov, September 7, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	517
Document No. 81: Letter from Gerd Vehres to Oskar Fischer, September 10, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	518
Document No. 82: Record of Conversation between Evgeny Primakov and Margaret Thatcher, September 18, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	521
Document No. 83: CIA Intelligence Assessment, “Gorbachev’s Domestic Gambles and Instability in the USSR”, September 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	522
Document No. 84: National Security Directive (NSD) 23, “United States Relations with the Soviet Union”, September 22, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	525
Document No. 85: Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Margaret Thatcher, September 23, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	530
Document No. 86: Protocol No. 166 of CC CPSU Politburo Session, September 28, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	533
Document No. 87: Diary of Anatoly Chernyaev regarding Mikhail Gorbachev’s Visit to the GDR, October 5, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	542
Document No. 88: Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Members of the CC SED Politburo, October 7, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	544
Document No. 89: Diary of Anatoly Chernyaev regarding German Reunification, October 9, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	547
Document No. 90: Diary of Anatoly Chernyaev regarding Erich Honecker, October 11, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	548
Document No. 91: Session of the CC CPSU Politburo, Discussion of Mikhail Gorbachev’s Talk with Mieczysław Rakowski, October 12, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	550
Document No. 92: Record of Conversation between Vadim Medvedev and Kurt Hager, October 13, 198976 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	551
Document No. 93: Memorandum from Georgy Shakhnazarov to Mikhail Gorbachev regarding Military Détente in Europe, October 14, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	555
Document No. 94: Record of Telephone Conversation between George H.W. Bush and Helmut Kohl, October 23, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	558
Document No. 95: Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Mauno Koivisto, October 25, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	561
Document No. 96: Record of Conversation between Aleksandr Yakovlev and Zbigniew Brzezinski, October 31, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	563
Document No. 97: Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Egon Krenz, November 1, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	569
Document No. 98: Cable from U.S. Embassy in Sofia to State Department, “The Nov 10 CC Party Plenum: Little Prospect for Major Changes”, November 9, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	574
Document No. 99: Session of the CC CPSU Politburo, November 9, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	577
Document No. 100: Record of Conversation between Helmut Kohl and Lech Wałęsa, November 9, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	580
Document No. 101: Diary of Anatoly Chernyaev regarding the Fall of the Berlin Wall, November 10, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	586
Document No. 102: Record of Telephone Conversation between George H.W. Bush and Helmut Kohl, November 10, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	587
Document No. 103: Record of Telephone Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Helmut Kohl, November 11, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	590
Document No. 104: Record of Telephone Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and François Mitterrand, November 14, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	593
Document No. 105: Record of Telephone Conversation between George H.W. Bush and Helmut Kohl, November 17, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	595
Document No. 106: Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Brian Mulroney, November 21, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	598
Document No. 107: Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Tadeusz Mazowiecki, November 24, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	602
Document No. 108: Speech by Ladislav Adamec at CC CPCz Extraordinary Session, November 24, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	608
Document No. 109: Letter from Helmut Kohl to George H.W. Bush, November 28, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	611
Document No. 110: Soviet Transcript of the Malta Summit, December 2–3, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	619
Document No. 111: Memorandum of Conversation of George H.W. Bush, John Sununu, Brent Scowcroft, and Helmut Kohl, December 3, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	647
Document No. 112: Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Petar Mladenov, December 5, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	651
Document No. 113: Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Hans Dietrich Genscher, December 5, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	653
Document No. 114: Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and François Mitterrand, December 6, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	657
Document No. 115: Cable from James Baker to U.S. Embassy Sofia, December 19, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	660
Document No. 116: Four Soviet Foreign Ministry Documents regarding the Situation in Romania, December 20–25, 1989 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	661
Document No. 117: Memorandum from the CC CPSU International Department, “Towards a New Concept of Relations between the USSR and the States of Central and Eastern Europe”, January 5, 1990 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	668
Document No. 118: Diary of Anatoly Chernyaev regarding German Reunification, January 28, 1990 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	673
Document No. 119: Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and James Baker, February 9, 1990 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	675
Document No. 120: Letter from James Baker to Helmut Kohl, February 10, 1990 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	685
Document No. 121: National Intelligence Estimate 12–90, “The Future of Eastern Europe,” (Key Judgments Only), April 1990 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	688
Document No. 122: Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and Wojciech Jaruzelski, April 13, 1990 Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	691
Main Actors Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	701
Selected Bibliography Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	707
Index Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed	713

Publishing information

Pages and Images/Illustrations in book

eBook published on:

May 20, 2010

eBook ISBN:

9786155211881

Pages and Images/Illustrations in book

Main content:

783

Illustrations:

16

https://doi.org/10.1515/9786155211881

eBook ISBN: 9786155211881

Keywords for this book

Cold War; Diplomacy; Foreign relations; Political studies; Sources; Soviet Union; United States

Audience(s) for this book

Professional and scholarly;

Masterpieces of History

Overview

About this book

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Table of contents

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