Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. CONTENTS v
3. INTRODUCTION 1
4. I. THE ARRIVAL OF THE GYPSIES ON THE TERRITORY OF ROMANIA
5. 1. THE GYPSIES’ MIGRATION TO EUROPE 7
6. 2. FIRST ATTESTATIONS ON THE TERRITORY OF ROMANIA 13
7. 3. WHEN DID THE GYPSIES ARRIVE IN THE ROMANIAN LANDS? 15
8. 4. THE TERRITORY OF ROMANIA IN THE CONTEXT OF THE EUROPEAN MIGRATION OF THE GYPSIES (FOURTEENTH TO FIFTEENTH CENTURIES) 20
9. II. THE GYPSIES IN THE ROMANIAN LANDS DURING THE MIDDLE AGES. SLAVERY
10. 1. THE AGE AND ORIGIN OF SLAVERY IN THE ROMANIAN LANDS 27
11. 2. CATEGORIES OF SLAVES 31
12. 3. SLAVERY UNDER THE ROMANIAN ANCIEN REGIME 34
13. 4. THE SOCIAL AND LEGAL SITUATION OF THE GYPSIES IN TRANSYLVANIA 42
14. 5. THE POSITION OF THE GYPSIES IN THE ECONOMY OF THE ROMANIAN LANDS 45
15. 6. WAY OF LIFE. NOMADISM AND SEDENTARISATION. MARGINALITY 51
16. 7. SOCIAL ORGANISATION. THE LEADERS OF THE GYPSIES 58
17. 8. THE SITUATION OF THE GYPSIES IN THE ROMANIAN LANDS AND IN OTHER EUROPEAN COUNTRIES—A PARALLEL 65
18. 9. THE POLICY OF SEDENTARISATION AND ASSIMILATION OF THE GYPSIES PROMOTED BY THE HABSBURG AUTHORITIES IN TRANSYLVANIA 69
19. III. EMANCIPATION
20. 1. THE GYPSIES IN THE ROMANIAN PRINCIPALITIES IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY 87
21. 2. ABOLITIONIST TREND 95
22. 3. THE LAWS OF EMANCIPATION 103
23. 4. SOCIAL EVOLUTIONS AFTER EMANCIPATION 112
24. 5. THE EMANCIPATION OF THE GYPSIES IN THE ROMANIAN PRINCIPALITIES AND THE SECOND GREAT MIGRATION OF THE GYPSIES (FROM THE MID-NINETEENTH CENTURY TO THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY) 120
25. 6. THE GYPSIES IN BUKOVINA UNDER AUSTRIAN RULE (1775–1918) 127
26. 7. THE GYPSIES IN BESSARABIA UNDER TSARIST RULE (1812–1918) 130
27. 8. THE GYPSIES IN TRANSYLVANIA IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY 132
28. IV. THE GYPSIES IN INTER-WAR ROMANIA
29. 1. THE SITUATION OF THE GYPSIES IN THE INTER-WAR PERIOD. INTEGRATION AND ASSIMILATION 145
30. 2. “ORGANISATION”. THE EMANCIPATION MOVEMENT OF THE 1930s 153
31. V. THE POLICY OF THE ANTONESCU REGIME WITH REGARD TO THE GYPSIES
32. 1. RACIST CONCEPTS IN 1930S AND 1940s ROMANIA AND THE GYPSIES 163
33. 2. THE “GYPSY PROBLEM” DURING THE ANTONESCU REGIME 167
34. 3. DEPORTATION TO TRANSNISTRIA (1942–44) 170
35. 4. THE POLICY OF THE ANTONESCU REGIME WITH REGARD TO THE GYPSIES AND THE FATE OF THE GYPSIES IN EUROPE DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR 180
36. VI. THE GYPSIES DURING THE COMMUNIST REGIME. A FEW POINTS OF REFERENCE 189
37. VII. THE CURRENT SITUATION OF THE GYPSIES (ROMA) IN ROMANIA
38. 1. THE SOCIAL SITUATION 203
39. 2. TOWARDS A MODERN ROMA ETHNICITY 212
40. MAP 222
41. INDEX 225