RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE SOLAR RADIATION INCIDENT ON THE ATMOSPHERE

Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter I
2. FOREWORD V
3. AYANT PROPOS VII
4. PREFACE IX
5. CONTENTS XI
6. The Moon
7. APOLLO LUNAR EXPLORATION 1
8. LUNAR SURFACE EXPLORATION 15
9. RESULTS OF RECENT MANNED AND UNMANNED LUNAR EXPLORATION 31
10. THE NATURE OF THE SURFACE OF THE MOON 51
11. LUNAR SURFACE LAYER DENSITY FROM SPACECRAFT RADAR MEASUREMENTS 63
12. THE BIMODALITY OF THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF LUNAR GROUND 69
13. STRUCTURAL-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF LUNAR SOILS AND THEIR TERRESTRIAL ANALOGUES 73
14. ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY AND THE AGE OF THE MOON 85
15. THE DISTRIBUTION OF RADIOACTIVE ELEMENTS IN THE MOON'S INTERIOR 89
16. GLOBAL MAPPING OF T H E MOON 93
17. PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF LASER RANGING TO A REFLECTOR ON THE LUNAR SURFACE 97
18. DETERMINATION OF ASTRODYNAMIC CONSTANTS AND A TEST OF THE GENERAL RELATIVISTIC TIME DELAY WITH S-BAND RANGE AND DOPPLER DATA FROM MARINERS 6 AND 7 105
19. UTILIZATION OF ZVENIGOROD'S LARGE SATELLITE CAMERA FOR TRACKING DEEP SPACE PROBES 113
20. OBSERVATIONS PHOTOGRAPHIQUES D'APOLLO 12 115
21. Planets
22. SOME PROBLEMS OF ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS FOR TERRESTRIAL PLANETS 121
23. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE VENUS ATMOSPHERE 129
24. LOWER ATMOSPHERE OF VENUS FROM RADIO ASTRONOMICAL AND SPACE MEASUREMENTS 141
25. RADIO WAVE FLUCTUATIONS AND REFRACTION COEFFICIENT VARIATIONS IN THE ATMOSPHERE OF VENUS 147
26. MARINER 6 AND 7 TELEVISION RESULTS 155
27. SUMMARY OF MARINER 6 AND 7 RADIO OCCULTATION RESULTS ON THE ATMOSPHERE OF MARS 165
28. COMPARISON OF PARAMETERS OF THE MARS IONOSPHERE ACCORDING TO MARINERS 4, 6 and 7 MEASUREMENTS AND TO CALCULATIONS OF RADIOWAVE ABSORPTION 177
29. ON GAMMA-RADIATION OF THE ATMOSPHERE AND SURFACE OF MARS 181
30. THE MAIN PROBLEMS OF STUDY OF THE PLANET JUPITER 191
31. A REVIEW OF NEW DATA ON SATURN'S SYSTEM 203
32. Cosmic Dust
33. THE DUST POPULATION IN THE ASTEROID BELT 215
34. MORE THAN TWO YEARS OF MICROMETEORITE DATA FROM TWO PIONEER SATELLITES 225
35. COSMIC RAY EFFECTS ON INTERPLANETARY DUST AND DUST DETECTORS 237
36. THE ZODIACAL LIGHT LINES IN THE PARTICLE FLUX DIAGRAM 249
37. MODEL COMPUTATIONS CONCERNING ZODIACAL LIGHT MEASUREMENTS B Y SPACE MISSIONS 255
38. CONFIGURATION PARTICULIERE DES RAPPORTS D'ABONDANCES DES ELEMENTS DANS LES SPHERULES 261
39. LUNAR DUST POTENTIAL 275
40. LUNAR EXPLORER 35 AND OGO 3: DUST PARTICLE MEASUREMENTS IN SELENOCENTRIC AND CISLUNAR SPACE FROM 1967 TO 1969 279
41. METEOR STREAMS 287
42. INVESTIGATIONS OF THE METEOR INCIDENT FLUX DENSITY BY RADIO METHODS 299
43. RADAR METEOR INFLUX AND ITS COMPARISON WITH DIRECT COSMIC DUST MEASUREMENT DATA 307
44. TEMPORAL VARIATIONS IN THE MASS DISTRIBUTION OF PARTICLES IN METEOR STREAMS 319
45. THE FALL OF COSMIC MATERIAL IN ITALY 329
46. A SIMULTANEOUS COLLECTION AND DETECTION EXPERIMENT FOR COSMIC DUST 335
47. ON THE NATURE OF THE CIRCUMTERRESTRIAL DUST CLOUD 347
48. THE RESULTS OF INVESTIGATION OF DUST IN THE UPPER ATMOSPHERE BY THE TWILIGHT METHOD 351
49. METEOR PARTICLE STUDIES FROM SPACE VEHICLES 357
50. COSMIC DUST AND METEOR SHOWERS 363
51. ON THE CONCENTRATION OF METEOR PARTICLES IN THE VICINITY OF THE EARTH'S ORBIT 371
52. SOUNDING ROCKET SAMPLINGS OF COSMIC DUST 377
53. ELECTRON MICROPROBE STUDIES OF COSMIC DUST IMPACT CRATERS 383
54. A NEW HIGH ALTITUDE BALLOON-TOP COSMIC DUST COLLECTION TECHNIQUE 393
55. MODEL FOR PREDICTING THE RESULTS OF IN SITU METEOROID EXPERIMENTS: PIONEER 8 AND 9 RESULTS AND PHENOMENOLOGICAL EVIDENCE 397
56. REVIEW OF IN SITU MEASUREMENTS OF COSMIC DUST PARTICLES 415
57. Solid Earth Physics
58. APPLICATION OF SPACE TECHNIQUES TO SOLID-EARTH AND OCEAN PHYSICS 439
59. GEODETIC SATELLITE MISSION AND GEOS-C SPACECRAFT 457
60. TEMPORAL VARIATIONS OF THE GEOPOTENTIAL DERIVED FROM SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS 469
61. NEW GEODETIC PARAMETERS FOR A STANDARD EARTH 479
62. THE DETERMINATION OF THE PINE STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH'8 GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 493
63. DETERMINATION D'UNE BASE GEODESIQUE A LONGUE DISTANCE 499
64. NASA STADAN, SPEOPT AND LASER TRACKING STATION POSITIONS DERIVED FROM GEOS 1 AND 2 OBSERVATIONS 507
65. CONDENSATION DES DONNEES D'OBSERVATION EN VUE D'UNE UTILISATION GEODESIQUE 515
66. DETERMINATION OF THE EQUATIONS OF CONDITION FOR THE ZONAL HARMONICS USING THE DIAL SATELLITE 521
67. USE OF SPACE TELEVISION AND PHOTO IMAGES FOR EARTH SCIENCES 525
68. A PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE REMOTE SENSING OF COCONUT TREES 533
69. Remote Sounding of the Atmosphere
70. DEVELOPMENTS IN SPACE METEOROLOGY DÜRING 1969/1970 537
71. METEOROLOGICAL RESULTS FROM NIMBUS SIRS OBSERVATIONS 555
72. GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION OF OZONE FROM NIMBUS 3 569
73. AN ANALYSIS OF THERMAL SOUNDINGS OF THE ATMOSPHERE FROM SATELLITES 577
74. ANALYSIS OF THE TECHNIQUES FOR THE SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM OF THERMAL ATMOSPHERIC SOUNDING 581
75. TRANSMITTALS FOR USE IN REMOTE SOUNDINGS OF THE ATMOSPHERE 585
76. SOME RESULTS OF MICROWAVE SOUNDING OF THE ATMOSPHERE AND OCEAN FROM THE SATELLITE COSMOS 243 593
77. INVESTIGATIONS FROM AIRCRAFT FOR SOUNDING THE ATMOSPHERE BY MEANS OF MICROWAVE RADIATION 601
78. POSSIBILITIES FOR SOUNDING THE ATMOSPHERE FROM A GEOSYNCHRONOUS SPACECRAFT 609
79. SPECTROPHOTOMETRY OF THE EARTH FROM MANNED SPACECRAFT 619
80. ALTITUDE VARIATION OF THE SCATTERING COEFFICIENT FROM SPACESHIP SOYUZ 3 MEASUREMENTS AND AEROSOL STRATIFICATION 633
81. RADIATIVE ENERGY BUDGET OF THE ATMOSPHERE 639
82. COMPARISON OF SATELLITE AND CALCULATION CHARTS FOR THE EARTH'S RADIATION BUDGET 651
83. THE RADIATION BALANCE OF THE EARTH-ATMOSPHERE SYSTEM DURING JUNE AND JULY 1969 FROM NIMBUS 3 RADIATION MEASUREMENTS — SOME PRELIMINARY RESULTS 661
84. THE STATISTICAL STRUCTURE OF THE BRIGHTNESS FIELD OF REFLECTED RADIATION IN THE 0 . 6 - 0 . 8 MICROMETRE SPECTRAL RANGE 669
85. ESTIMATION OF SHORT-WAYE RADIATION FLUXES OF THE EARTH-ATMOSPHERE SYSTEM FROM SATELLITE DATA 677
86. RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE SOLAR RADIATION INCIDENT ON THE ATMOSPHERE 681
87. THE SOLAR CONSTANT FROM DATA OF BALLOON INVESTIGATIONS IN THE USSR AND THE USA 695
88. POSSIBLE MEASUREMENTS OF SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS WITH REMOTE SENSORS 705
89. THE RESULTS OF MICROWAVE SOUNDING OF THE EARTH'S SURFACE ACCORDING TO EXPERIMENTAL DATA FROM THE SATELLITE COSMOS 243 713
90. VISIBLE POLARIZATION SIGNATURE FOR REMOTE SENSING OF SOIL SURFACE MOISTURE 717
91. THE USE OF INFRARED IMAGERY FROM METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITES FOR THE STUDY OF THE EARTH'S SURFACE 723
92. STUDY OF THE CONNECTION BETWEEN THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EARTH'S SURFACE AND SOME METEOROLOGICAL ELEMENTS FROM THE GLOBAL PICTURES FROM THE AUTOMATED INTERPLANETARY STATION ZOND 7 727
93. CLOUD CHARACTERISTICS FROM INFRARED MEASUREMENTS 731
94. CHARACTERISTICS OF CLOUDINESS AND OF INFRARED RADIATION IN THE WINDOW OBTAINED FROM COSMOS 149, COSMOS 243 AND COSMOS 320 MEASUREMENTS 741
95. USE OF INFRARED IMAGES FOR THE CALCULATION OF CLOUDINESS CHARACTERISTICS 747
96. DETERMINATION OF CLOUD FORMATION AND STRUCTURE 753