Variations of Atomic Oxygen Densities in the Thermosphere

Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter I
2. FOREWORD V
3. PREFACE VII
4. CONTENTS LIST IX
5. Geodesy
6. ISAGEX (International Satellite Oeodesy Experiment)
7. RESULTS OF THE "ISAGEX" CAMPAIGN 3
8. Some Results on the Arctic-Antarctic Project based on Observations made during 1970-1971 17
9. The Determination of the Coordinates of Station 1147 at Ondrejov 21
10. Geometric Adjustment of Western European Satellite Triangulation (Solution 1974) 25
11. New Techniques and Results
12. Geodetic and Astrometric Results of Very Long Baseline Interferometric Measurements of Natural Radio Sources 33
13. Satellite Range Measurements — Tropospheric Refraction Effects 49
14. The Geopotential
15. 13th-Order Harmonics in the Geopotential from an Analysis of Four Resonant Satellites 53
16. Analysis of Satellite Altimetry Data 59
17. Selenodesy
18. Reference Points for Selenodetic Control 65
19. Improved Coordinates for Lunokhod 2 based on Observations from McDonald Observatory 71
20. Remote Sensing
21. Mesopause
22. Optical Characteristics of the Mesopause and the Lower Thermosphere on the Nightside of the Earth 77
23. Meteorology
24. Review on Investigations in the Field: Meteorology of the Stratosphere and Mesosphere 81
25. Local Circulations in the European Area seen by Weather Satellites and results of a more quantitative Interpretation of these Satellite Data 109
26. Microwave Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Temperatures from the Nimbus 5 Satellite 117
27. Direct Readout Meteorological Satellite Data Processing with a Low-Cost, Computer- Linked System 123
28. Upper Atmosphere
29. Stratospheric and Mesospheric Meteorology
30. High Resolution Spectra of the Stratosphere between 30 and 200 cm^{- 1} 131
31. Zonal Wind in the Stratosphere and Solar Activity 139
32. Some Results of the WMO (CIMO) Rocketsonde Intercomparisons — Phase I I 143
33. Analysis of Large-Scale Processes in the Upper Atmosphere based on Global Meridional Wind and Temperature Cross Sections 151
34. Results of the Empirical Investigation of the relation between Temperature and Wind Variations in the Mesosphere 157
35. Statistical Analysis of Meteorological Parameters in the Stratosphere and Mesosphere based on data from the Eastern Meridional Rocket Network 161
36. Meridional Distribution of Zonal Wind in the Upper Atmosphere of the Southern Hemisphere 167
37. Periodic Oscillations in Stratosphere and Mesosphere 173
38. Atmospheric Tides
39. Propagating Modes of the 24-hourly Atmospheric Tide derived from Natal (6° S) Grenade Experiments and Global Barometric Oscillations 181
40. The Eight-hourly (ter-diurnal) Component of Atmospheric Tides 191
41. Some Results on the Daytime Measurements of Temperature and Wind in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere 199
42. Major Neutral Constituents
43. Local Composition Changes in the Thermosphere at High Latitudes during Moderate Geomagnetic Conditions 203
44. Interpretation of Local Thermospheric Disturbances of Composition observed by ESRO 4 in the Polar Region 209
45. Observations during a Magnetic Storm in late October 1973 215
46. Variations of Atomic Oxygen Densities in the Thermosphere 221
47. Neutral Atmosphere Variations according to Measurements made in Tropical and Middle Latitudes 227
48. Simultaneous Rocket Measurements of Structure Parameters of Polar Thermosphere and Auroral Radiation 233
49. Minor Neutral Constituents
50. Atomic Oxygen Concentration Measurements at altitudes of 75—95 km 237
51. Measurement of Nitric Oxide Distribution in the Upper Atmosphere 241
52. Experimental Data on Atomic Nitrogen Variations in the Upper Atmosphere after Sunset 247
53. First Results of 6300 Á Nightglow Measurements aboard a Rocket launched from Natal, Brazil 251
54. Preliminary Results of Observations of Atmospheric Ultraviolet Twilight Emissions by the TD 1-A Satellite 257
55. Preliminary Results on Suprathermal H and He Atoms in the Middle Latitudes Lower Thermosphere during a Magnetic Disturbance 263
56. Low Latitude Observations
57. Winds and Diffusion in the Upper Atmosphere observed by a Sodium Vapour Trail released over Thumba 267
58. Thermospheric Models
59. A Critical Evaluation of the OGO 6 Helium Model 273
60. Annual and Semiannual Density Variations in the Earth's Exosphere 279
61. The O to N₂ Density Ratio in the Thermosphere derived from ESRO 4 Data 287
62. Ionosphere
63. International Reference Ionosphere
64. Intercomparison of Different Measuring Techniques in the Upper Atmosphere: The International Reference Ionosphere 295
65. Comparison between Electron Density and Temperature during Daytime 321
66. Daytime Electron Density Profiles of the E and F1 Regions 327
67. Solar Radiation and the Ionosphere
68. Solar EUV Flux Models consistent with Ionospheric Ion Composition Observations 335
69. Absolute EUV Photon Fluxes of Aeronomic Interest 345
70. F Region and Mid-latitude Trough
71. Mass Spectrometer Measurements of the F2 Region Ion Composition from the Satellite Cosmos 274 351
72. On the Intensities of 6300 A, 5577 A and 5200 A Emissions from Ion Composition Measurements in the F 2 Region 357
73. Electron Density and Temperature Variations
74. Quiet and Disturbed Electron Temperature and Density at Different Latitudes during Daytime 363
75. Electron Temperature Variations at 100—200 km from Probe Measurements 369
76. Very Low Energy Electron Spectra in the Auroral Zone 379
77. Formation of Ionization Ledges in the Equatorial Topside Ionosphere 385
78. Eclipse studies
79. Measurements of Ionospheric Parameters at 100—170 km during a total Solar Eclipse 393
80. Oyroharmonic Resonances
81. Theoretical Interpretation of Gyroharmonic Resonances observed during Rocket Experiments 399
82. Ionospheric Irregularities
83. Velocities of Small and Medium Scale Ionospheric Irregularities deduced from Doppler and Arrival Angle Measurements 405
84. Analysis of Scintillation Phenomena produced over Tucuman, for the 1965—1968 Period 413
85. Very Low Frequency Radiophysics
86. The Refraction of VLF Waves by a Sporadic E Layer 419
87. Rigorous Computation of the Radiation Fields of VLF/ELF Antennas 425
88. Magnetosphere
89. High Latitude Phenomena
90. Review of Selected Scientific Results of HEOS 2 433
91. Features of the Intensity Variations and Spectrum of Low Energy Protons in the Polar Cusp 455
92. Characteristics of Interplanetary Plasma near the Earth observed during the Solar Events of August 1972 461
93. Electric Fields
94. Electric Field and Plasma Measurements in the Auroral Ionosphere prior to a Magnetic Substorm 471
95. Simultaneous Observations of the Motion of Large-scale Electron Density Irregularities and of Ionospheric Electric Field near the Polar Border of the Southern Auroral Zone 477
96. Magnetic Disturbance Effects
97. Strong Pitch-Angle Diffusion of Protons during the Magnetic Storm of 19 March 1973 485
98. Active Experiments
99. The Zarnitza Rocket Experiment on Electron Injection 491
100. Magnetospheres of Other Planets
101. Preliminary Report of Results from the Plasma Science Experiment on Mariner 10 501
102. Electrons and Protons in Jupiter's Radiation Belts 521
103. Cosmic Dust
104. Fluxes of Cosmic Dust
105. Cosmic Dust Influx to the Earth 531
106. Near-Earth Cosmic Dust Fluxes obtained from Skylab Experiments 541
107. The Interplanetary and Near Jovian Dust Environment: Some Experimental Results 549
108. Bounds for the Interstellar to Solar System Microparticle Flux Ratio over the Mass Range 10^-11—10^-13g 555
109. The Cometary Contribution to Cosmic Dust 565
110. Zodiacal Light
111. The Distribution of Dust along the Earth's Orbit deduced from Satellite Measurements of Zodiacal Light 573
112. Optical Scattering
113. The Solar Corona as observed during the 30 June 1973 Solar Eclipse on board Concorde 001 579
114. Moon
115. Abundance of Elements
116. Chemical Composition Variations of the Lunar Surface in the Contact Zone "Mare- Highland" 587
117. Abundance of Some Elements in the Regolith of the Maria and Continental Regions of the Moon 593
118. Track Investigations of Lunar Soil returned by Luna 20 601
119. Physical Properties
120. Luna 16 and 20 Investigations of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Lunar Soil 607
121. Results of Radar Experiments performed aboard the Luna 19 and 20 Automatic Stations 617
122. Magnetic Field
123. The Lunar Magnetic Field 621
124. Mars
125. Problems of Martian Paleoclimatology 629
126. Astronomy
127. Sun
128. Investigation of Solar X-rays from the Lunar Surface, carried out on Lunokhod 2 633
129. Investigation of Solar Flare X-ray Spectra in the Hydrogen-like Fe Ion Region 637
130. The Solar Subflare X-ray Spectrum 641
131. Structure of the Sun's Polar Cap at Wavelengths 240—600 A 651
132. Ultraviolet
133. Ultraviolet Spectra of the Wolf-Rayet Stars HD 50896 and HD 191765 from the TD1 -A Sky-Survey Telescope 657
134. X-ray
135. X-Ray Astronomy with Copernicus 663
136. High energy
137. Gamma Ray Astronomy (0.1 —1000 MeV) 681
138. High Energy Gamma Ray Astronomy 699
139. Geometry of Inverse Compton Gamma-Ray Sources 715
140. Interstellar medium
141. Measurement of the Temperature of the Interstellar Medium around the Heliosphere, obtained with the Mars 7 Interplanetary Probe 721
142. Thermal Behaviour of the Neutral Interstellar Gas within the Solar System 727
143. Papers presented at the Sao Paulo Meeting 1974 and published elsewhere 733
144. Index of Authors 735