Chapter 6 Challenging the notion of “standard” in Japanese language education in the U.S. and Canada

Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter I
2. Contents V
3. List of figures and maps VII
4. List of tables IX
5. Introduction: Standardization, counterstandardization, and unit-thinking 1
6. Chapter 1 Language standardization and counterstandardization: Theories, minority empowerment, and language education 35
7. Chapter 2 “My world has expanded”: Students’ counter-meta-standardization in language courses 63
8. Chapter 3 Meta-standardization and counter-metastandardization in Italian language classes for tourists 89
9. Chapter 4 The dynamics of standardization in Yaeyaman language reclamation in the Ryukyus: Master-Apprentice initiatives with Yaeyaman language learners 109
10. Chapter 5 Practicing counter-meta-standardization in Japanese-as-a-Foreign-Language classroom in the US 137
11. Chapter 6 Challenging the notion of “standard” in Japanese language education in the U.S. and Canada 159
12. Chapter 7 Sounds that matter: “Correct” pronunciations and its discontents towards counter-standardizations 183
13. Conclusion: Relations of power, classroom applications, and social justice 217
14. List of Contributors 231
15. Index 233