Skip to main content
Chapter Open Access

19 Eduardo Chivambo Mondlane: The Role of the Church in Mozambique (1965)

Download chapter
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill
Explore this Subject How to publish with us
Volume V Africa
This chapter is in the book Volume V Africa
© 2025 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

© 2025 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

Chapters in this book

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Contents V
  3. Instructions for Use XI
  4. About the Editors XIII
  5. African Secularity: An Introduction 1
  6. Secularity and the African Constitutional Imagination
  7. Introduction 13
  8. 1 South Africa’s African National Congress: Individual Rights (1955, 1989, 1996) 22
  9. 2 The Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania (1977/2005) 29
  10. 3 Ghana: A Secular Constitution in a Highly Religious Country (1992) 36
  11. 4 Laïcité and Niger’s Islamic Identity: Between Contestation and the Sacralization of its Principles (1992–2019) 45
  12. 5 The Constitution of Kenya (2010) 55
  13. 6 Constitution of the Republic of Madagascar (2010) 62
  14. African Religion(s) and Philosophy in the Academic Field
  15. Introduction 69
  16. 7 John Mbiti: African Religions and Philosophy (1969) 77
  17. 8 Okot p’Bitek: African Religion in an African University (1973) 87
  18. 9 Kwasi Wiredu: Toward Decolonizing African Philosophy and Religion (1998) 96
  19. Culture- and Heritage-Making in Philosophy, Festivals, Politics, and Education
  20. Introduction 113
  21. 10 Kofi Asare Opoku: Skinny but Imperishable Truth (2012) 120
  22. 11 Okot p’Bitek: Artist, the Ruler (1986) 127
  23. 12 Culturalised Festivals (2018–2022) 133
  24. 13 National Policies on Culture (2001, 2004, 2006) 148
  25. 14 Zimbabwe: Heritage Studies (2015) 154
  26. 15 Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove (2005, 2011) 158
  27. African Socialism and the Problem of Atheism: Constructing Secularity in the Long 1960s
  28. Introduction 165
  29. 16 Julius Kambarage Nyerere: African Socialism, the Church and Society (1962, 1967, 1970) 174
  30. 17 Léopold Sédar Senghor: On Senegalese Socialism and Laїcité (1962, 1963) 184
  31. 18 Kwame Nkrumah: Consciencism (1964) 191
  32. 19 Eduardo Chivambo Mondlane: The Role of the Church in Mozambique (1965) 198
  33. 20 Okot p’Bitek: The Failure of African Socialism (1982) 204
  34. Atheist and Humanist Activism
  35. Introduction 211
  36. 21 Atheists in Kenya (2018–2025) 215
  37. 22 Living Humanism in Malawi (2023) 225
  38. 23 Humanists and Atheists in Nigeria (1981–2020) 233
  39. Debating the Secular State in Nigeria
  40. Introduction 255
  41. 24 Nigeria’s Federalism, Religion and Secularism (2020) 262
  42. 25 Nigeria Election: Dangers of Being Religious in a Religious Nation (2022) 265
  43. 26 Nigeria’s Election: Six Dangers of Mixing Religion with Politics (2023) 268
  44. 27 Omirhobo Sues Emir of Ilorin for Allegedly Banning Isese Festival (2023) 271
  45. 28 Nigerian Lawyer Drags Emir of Ilorin To Court For Blocking Ifa Festival In Muslim-Dominated Domain (2023) 274
  46. African Literature and Secularity
  47. Introduction 277
  48. 29 Chinua Achebe: Things Fall Apart (1958) 285
  49. 30 Okot p’Bitek: Song of Lawino (1966) 287
  50. 31 Ayi Kwei Armah: Two Thousand Seasons (1973) 295
  51. 32 Ngugi Wa Thiong’o: Matigari Ma Njiruungi (1986) 305
  52. 33 Ben Okri: The Famished Road (1991) 310
  53. Photography Crossing the Secular-Religious Divide
  54. Introduction 313
  55. 34 Photographs (1900–2008) 324
  56. Emergence of Southern African Political Secularities
  57. Introduction: A Few Guideposts 335
  58. 35 Vanguard Debates (ca 1890) 342
  59. 36 African Church Authority (1911–1924) 349
  60. 37 Organizing in Popular Lexicons in South Africa (1910s–1930s) 359
  61. 38 A National Anthem: Nkosi Sikelele iAfrika, translated (1890s–1950) 369
  62. 39 The Modern Political and the Sacred (1950s–1970s) 376
  63. 40 War in Zimbabwe (1970s) 385
  64. 41 Photographic Presentations of Struggle (1966) 389
  65. Dreams and Ancestors in Southern Africa: A Perspective from Lesotho
  66. Introduction 394
  67. 42 Moshoeshoe, King of Lesotho: The Law against the Killing of Witches (July 15, 1843) 406
  68. 43 Thomas Arbousset: The Dreams and Prophecies of Mohlomi (c.1750, c.1815?) 407
  69. 44 The Law against the Linoge, Lesotho (August 27, 1855) 408
  70. 45 Tlali Moshoeshoe: The Dream and Order of Mohlomi (c.1750/c.1805) 410
  71. 46 Tsekelo Moshoeshoe: The ‘Dreams of Tsekelo’ (1858) 411
  72. 47 Tlali Moshoeshoe: Sesotho Words Connected to Ancestors and Dreams (1858) 414
  73. 48 Eugène Casalis: Diviners (1861) 415
  74. 49 David-Frédéric Ellenberger: The Dreams and Prophecies of Mohlomi (c.1750/c.1815) 418
  75. (Re-)Configurations of South African Secularity: Indirect Rule, Witches, and Kings
  76. Introduction 421
  77. 50 Magistrate’s Office / Theophilus Shepstone: Witches at a Mission Station (1855) 427
  78. 51 Baleka, Lunguza, Socwatsha and Xaba: Lords and Diviners (1902–1919) 436
  79. 52 Berlin Conference: Protection of Natives and Missionaries (1885) 443
  80. 53 Natal Code of Native Law (1891/1932) 446
  81. 54 Frederick Lugard: Ruling Native Races and Missions (1922) 452
  82. 55 Jan Smuts: African Settlement and Native Policy (1930) 459
  83. 56 Witchcraft Suppression Act and Witchcraft Commissions (1957, 1996, 2022) 465
  84. 57 High Court, Fred Khumalo, Yoliswa Sobuwa, FOR SA: Animal Sacrifice (2009, 2020, 2022) 482
  85. 58 Mangosuthu Buthelezi, Makhosi Khoza, Langalibalele Ngonyama, Sipho Sithole: Making a Zulu King (2022) 493
  86. Global Secularity. A Sourcebook 507
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111254036-024

Chapters in this book

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Contents V
  3. Instructions for Use XI
  4. About the Editors XIII
  5. African Secularity: An Introduction 1
  6. Secularity and the African Constitutional Imagination
  7. Introduction 13
  8. 1 South Africa’s African National Congress: Individual Rights (1955, 1989, 1996) 22
  9. 2 The Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania (1977/2005) 29
  10. 3 Ghana: A Secular Constitution in a Highly Religious Country (1992) 36
  11. 4 Laïcité and Niger’s Islamic Identity: Between Contestation and the Sacralization of its Principles (1992–2019) 45
  12. 5 The Constitution of Kenya (2010) 55
  13. 6 Constitution of the Republic of Madagascar (2010) 62
  14. African Religion(s) and Philosophy in the Academic Field
  15. Introduction 69
  16. 7 John Mbiti: African Religions and Philosophy (1969) 77
  17. 8 Okot p’Bitek: African Religion in an African University (1973) 87
  18. 9 Kwasi Wiredu: Toward Decolonizing African Philosophy and Religion (1998) 96
  19. Culture- and Heritage-Making in Philosophy, Festivals, Politics, and Education
  20. Introduction 113
  21. 10 Kofi Asare Opoku: Skinny but Imperishable Truth (2012) 120
  22. 11 Okot p’Bitek: Artist, the Ruler (1986) 127
  23. 12 Culturalised Festivals (2018–2022) 133
  24. 13 National Policies on Culture (2001, 2004, 2006) 148
  25. 14 Zimbabwe: Heritage Studies (2015) 154
  26. 15 Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove (2005, 2011) 158
  27. African Socialism and the Problem of Atheism: Constructing Secularity in the Long 1960s
  28. Introduction 165
  29. 16 Julius Kambarage Nyerere: African Socialism, the Church and Society (1962, 1967, 1970) 174
  30. 17 Léopold Sédar Senghor: On Senegalese Socialism and Laїcité (1962, 1963) 184
  31. 18 Kwame Nkrumah: Consciencism (1964) 191
  32. 19 Eduardo Chivambo Mondlane: The Role of the Church in Mozambique (1965) 198
  33. 20 Okot p’Bitek: The Failure of African Socialism (1982) 204
  34. Atheist and Humanist Activism
  35. Introduction 211
  36. 21 Atheists in Kenya (2018–2025) 215
  37. 22 Living Humanism in Malawi (2023) 225
  38. 23 Humanists and Atheists in Nigeria (1981–2020) 233
  39. Debating the Secular State in Nigeria
  40. Introduction 255
  41. 24 Nigeria’s Federalism, Religion and Secularism (2020) 262
  42. 25 Nigeria Election: Dangers of Being Religious in a Religious Nation (2022) 265
  43. 26 Nigeria’s Election: Six Dangers of Mixing Religion with Politics (2023) 268
  44. 27 Omirhobo Sues Emir of Ilorin for Allegedly Banning Isese Festival (2023) 271
  45. 28 Nigerian Lawyer Drags Emir of Ilorin To Court For Blocking Ifa Festival In Muslim-Dominated Domain (2023) 274
  46. African Literature and Secularity
  47. Introduction 277
  48. 29 Chinua Achebe: Things Fall Apart (1958) 285
  49. 30 Okot p’Bitek: Song of Lawino (1966) 287
  50. 31 Ayi Kwei Armah: Two Thousand Seasons (1973) 295
  51. 32 Ngugi Wa Thiong’o: Matigari Ma Njiruungi (1986) 305
  52. 33 Ben Okri: The Famished Road (1991) 310
  53. Photography Crossing the Secular-Religious Divide
  54. Introduction 313
  55. 34 Photographs (1900–2008) 324
  56. Emergence of Southern African Political Secularities
  57. Introduction: A Few Guideposts 335
  58. 35 Vanguard Debates (ca 1890) 342
  59. 36 African Church Authority (1911–1924) 349
  60. 37 Organizing in Popular Lexicons in South Africa (1910s–1930s) 359
  61. 38 A National Anthem: Nkosi Sikelele iAfrika, translated (1890s–1950) 369
  62. 39 The Modern Political and the Sacred (1950s–1970s) 376
  63. 40 War in Zimbabwe (1970s) 385
  64. 41 Photographic Presentations of Struggle (1966) 389
  65. Dreams and Ancestors in Southern Africa: A Perspective from Lesotho
  66. Introduction 394
  67. 42 Moshoeshoe, King of Lesotho: The Law against the Killing of Witches (July 15, 1843) 406
  68. 43 Thomas Arbousset: The Dreams and Prophecies of Mohlomi (c.1750, c.1815?) 407
  69. 44 The Law against the Linoge, Lesotho (August 27, 1855) 408
  70. 45 Tlali Moshoeshoe: The Dream and Order of Mohlomi (c.1750/c.1805) 410
  71. 46 Tsekelo Moshoeshoe: The ‘Dreams of Tsekelo’ (1858) 411
  72. 47 Tlali Moshoeshoe: Sesotho Words Connected to Ancestors and Dreams (1858) 414
  73. 48 Eugène Casalis: Diviners (1861) 415
  74. 49 David-Frédéric Ellenberger: The Dreams and Prophecies of Mohlomi (c.1750/c.1815) 418
  75. (Re-)Configurations of South African Secularity: Indirect Rule, Witches, and Kings
  76. Introduction 421
  77. 50 Magistrate’s Office / Theophilus Shepstone: Witches at a Mission Station (1855) 427
  78. 51 Baleka, Lunguza, Socwatsha and Xaba: Lords and Diviners (1902–1919) 436
  79. 52 Berlin Conference: Protection of Natives and Missionaries (1885) 443
  80. 53 Natal Code of Native Law (1891/1932) 446
  81. 54 Frederick Lugard: Ruling Native Races and Missions (1922) 452
  82. 55 Jan Smuts: African Settlement and Native Policy (1930) 459
  83. 56 Witchcraft Suppression Act and Witchcraft Commissions (1957, 1996, 2022) 465
  84. 57 High Court, Fred Khumalo, Yoliswa Sobuwa, FOR SA: Animal Sacrifice (2009, 2020, 2022) 482
  85. 58 Mangosuthu Buthelezi, Makhosi Khoza, Langalibalele Ngonyama, Sipho Sithole: Making a Zulu King (2022) 493
  86. Global Secularity. A Sourcebook 507
Downloaded on 26.4.2026 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783111254036-024/html?lang=en
Scroll to top button