Startseite 5.5 Could the unexploded ordnance hazard hinder the green energy transition − in the context of offshore wind projects?
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5.5 Could the unexploded ordnance hazard hinder the green energy transition − in the context of offshore wind projects?

  • John Bednarski
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De Gruyter Handbook of Ocean Governance and Maritime Affairs
Ein Kapitel aus dem Buch De Gruyter Handbook of Ocean Governance and Maritime Affairs

Abstract

Will the unexploded ordnance hazard hinder the green energy transition in the context of offshore wind projects? With the exponential increase in offshore wind farm infrastructure, there has also been an increase in the likelihood of development within areas that have had, in the past, UXO generating occurrences or previous UXO-generating activities. The hazards related to UXO take on a variety of forms and differ from region to region. They include unintentional detonation, negative health effects, and environmental damage. The nature of UXO, particularly in what it is designed for, and due to its age and varying levels of deterioration, sets up a very precarious environment in which to work, should it be located within a development site. There are very few regions in the world that are not contaminated by UXO, with a few unaffected regions in South America and Africa. Nevertheless, along with the improvements in offshore wind engineering there have been considerable improvements in UXO remediation and mitigation technologies. Mitigation technology has improved early detection and real-time identification which has allowed for greater risk reduction within projected development costs. While in-situ remediation technology has developed ecological and cetacean-safe UXO destruction methods and UXO will not stop offshore wind development.

Abstract

Will the unexploded ordnance hazard hinder the green energy transition in the context of offshore wind projects? With the exponential increase in offshore wind farm infrastructure, there has also been an increase in the likelihood of development within areas that have had, in the past, UXO generating occurrences or previous UXO-generating activities. The hazards related to UXO take on a variety of forms and differ from region to region. They include unintentional detonation, negative health effects, and environmental damage. The nature of UXO, particularly in what it is designed for, and due to its age and varying levels of deterioration, sets up a very precarious environment in which to work, should it be located within a development site. There are very few regions in the world that are not contaminated by UXO, with a few unaffected regions in South America and Africa. Nevertheless, along with the improvements in offshore wind engineering there have been considerable improvements in UXO remediation and mitigation technologies. Mitigation technology has improved early detection and real-time identification which has allowed for greater risk reduction within projected development costs. While in-situ remediation technology has developed ecological and cetacean-safe UXO destruction methods and UXO will not stop offshore wind development.

Kapitel in diesem Buch

  1. Book introduction
  2. The oceans of the world – a source of shared development or rivalry for resources? 3
  3. Section 1
  4. The political economy of the ocean 13
  5. 1.1 Two Wars and a Pandemic: Global Shipping Markets in the Early-2020s 15
  6. 1.2 The state of world fisheries and fish farming 31
  7. 1.3 Shaping and framing deep seabed mining in the public interest: legitimacy, procedural justice, and distributive justice 45
  8. 1.4 The place of marine renewable energy in the ocean economy 63
  9. 1.5 Sustainable campus development and coastal ocean conservation in China’s Greater Bay Area: a higher education perspective 77
  10. Section 2
  11. Introduction: sustainability and the marine environment 91
  12. 2.1 A Green-Blue Economy? The case of offshore wind power 95
  13. 2.2 Ocean governance and climate change at the science-policy interface 115
  14. 2.3 Plastic never dies: finding a governance solution to the ubiquitous nature of microplastic pollution 129
  15. 2.4 The regulation of ABMTs under the BBNJ Agreement: potential contributions for the sustainable development of marine renewable energy technologies on the high seas 145
  16. 2.5 Risks and opportunities for the first green shipping corridor in the Arctic 161
  17. 2.6 Arctic shipping routes over the past 20 years 181
  18. Section 3
  19. Introduction: techno-economic development 197
  20. 3.1 Current status and future prospects of alternative fuel for ships 201
  21. 3.2 Decarbonization by wind propulsion for commercial ships 221
  22. 3.3 Wind ships in sustainable global supply chains: A future of Zero Carbon shipping 231
  23. 3.4 Digitalization and automation in the maritime industry: a case of sustainable development? 241
  24. 3.5 Carbon Capture and Storage: new opportunities for maritime clusters? 255
  25. 3.6 The freshwater-saltwater nexus: the ocean as a sustainable source of water? 271
  26. Section 4
  27. Introduction: Maritime infrastructure 287
  28. 4.1 Maritime hydrogen infrastructure and value chains in the decarbonization governance of shipping in Norway 289
  29. 4.2 North Sea grid integration: what’s there and what’s planned? 307
  30. 4.3 Arctic geopolitics and the future of regional infrastructure: the case of subsea cables 325
  31. 4.4 Canals: transport infrastructure and geopolitics 339
  32. 4.5 Between engineering and geopolitics: a study on island building as one kind of temaritime infrastructure 353
  33. 4.6 The ocean and the geopolitics of energy: a question of critical infrastructure? 379
  34. Section 5
  35. Introduction: ocean geopolitics 399
  36. 5.1 The global ocean and great power politics 401
  37. 5.2 Great powers and their naval ambitions: the geopolitical dimension of maritime affairs 415
  38. 5.3 Governing the ocean: technological change as a driver of maritime conflict 429
  39. 5.4 The politics of maritime boundary disputes 447
  40. 5.5 Could the unexploded ordnance hazard hinder the green energy transition − in the context of offshore wind projects? 467
  41. 5.6 The geopolitics of satellite navigation: the jamming and spoofing threat 485
  42. Book conclusions
  43. Cases in, along, across, below, on, and above the sea 501
  44. Subject Index
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111195544-034

Kapitel in diesem Buch

  1. Book introduction
  2. The oceans of the world – a source of shared development or rivalry for resources? 3
  3. Section 1
  4. The political economy of the ocean 13
  5. 1.1 Two Wars and a Pandemic: Global Shipping Markets in the Early-2020s 15
  6. 1.2 The state of world fisheries and fish farming 31
  7. 1.3 Shaping and framing deep seabed mining in the public interest: legitimacy, procedural justice, and distributive justice 45
  8. 1.4 The place of marine renewable energy in the ocean economy 63
  9. 1.5 Sustainable campus development and coastal ocean conservation in China’s Greater Bay Area: a higher education perspective 77
  10. Section 2
  11. Introduction: sustainability and the marine environment 91
  12. 2.1 A Green-Blue Economy? The case of offshore wind power 95
  13. 2.2 Ocean governance and climate change at the science-policy interface 115
  14. 2.3 Plastic never dies: finding a governance solution to the ubiquitous nature of microplastic pollution 129
  15. 2.4 The regulation of ABMTs under the BBNJ Agreement: potential contributions for the sustainable development of marine renewable energy technologies on the high seas 145
  16. 2.5 Risks and opportunities for the first green shipping corridor in the Arctic 161
  17. 2.6 Arctic shipping routes over the past 20 years 181
  18. Section 3
  19. Introduction: techno-economic development 197
  20. 3.1 Current status and future prospects of alternative fuel for ships 201
  21. 3.2 Decarbonization by wind propulsion for commercial ships 221
  22. 3.3 Wind ships in sustainable global supply chains: A future of Zero Carbon shipping 231
  23. 3.4 Digitalization and automation in the maritime industry: a case of sustainable development? 241
  24. 3.5 Carbon Capture and Storage: new opportunities for maritime clusters? 255
  25. 3.6 The freshwater-saltwater nexus: the ocean as a sustainable source of water? 271
  26. Section 4
  27. Introduction: Maritime infrastructure 287
  28. 4.1 Maritime hydrogen infrastructure and value chains in the decarbonization governance of shipping in Norway 289
  29. 4.2 North Sea grid integration: what’s there and what’s planned? 307
  30. 4.3 Arctic geopolitics and the future of regional infrastructure: the case of subsea cables 325
  31. 4.4 Canals: transport infrastructure and geopolitics 339
  32. 4.5 Between engineering and geopolitics: a study on island building as one kind of temaritime infrastructure 353
  33. 4.6 The ocean and the geopolitics of energy: a question of critical infrastructure? 379
  34. Section 5
  35. Introduction: ocean geopolitics 399
  36. 5.1 The global ocean and great power politics 401
  37. 5.2 Great powers and their naval ambitions: the geopolitical dimension of maritime affairs 415
  38. 5.3 Governing the ocean: technological change as a driver of maritime conflict 429
  39. 5.4 The politics of maritime boundary disputes 447
  40. 5.5 Could the unexploded ordnance hazard hinder the green energy transition − in the context of offshore wind projects? 467
  41. 5.6 The geopolitics of satellite navigation: the jamming and spoofing threat 485
  42. Book conclusions
  43. Cases in, along, across, below, on, and above the sea 501
  44. Subject Index
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Heruntergeladen am 23.9.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783111195544-034/html
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