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Naturnotwendigkeiten: Nietzsche über die metaphysischen Bedingungen der Normativität

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Nietzsches Naturen
This chapter is in the book Nietzsches Naturen

Abstract

Natural Necessities: Nietzsche on the Metaphysical Conditions of Normativity. Normativity is a central theme of Nietzsche’s philosophical naturalism. Values and epistemic claims place normative demands on us, that is, they both constrain and enable our agency in a world of which we are a constitutive part as natural beings. For Nietzsche, normativity can thus be understood as the condition for the possibility of values and knowledge. Much less attention has been paid to the question why Nietzsche would assume that anything at all could be normative. Philosophical concepts and arguments central to Nietzsche’s thought, such as his emphasis on ‘becoming’ and his seeming rejection of ‘natural laws’, seem to contradict the possibility of a normative world. I will argue that Nietzsche’s understanding of normativity continues Kant’s reflections on ‘natural necessity’ under the conditions of the metaphysical questions raised by the natural sciences of the nineteenth century. Nietzsche develops a model of ‘necessity’ that is immanent to ‘becoming’ and that as such seeks to resolve the tension between necessity and freedom. Nietzsche’s ‘will to power’ can be seen as a direct manifestation of this model, but this also highlights that Nietzsche’s philosophical naturalism cannot escape metaphysics.

Abstract

Natural Necessities: Nietzsche on the Metaphysical Conditions of Normativity. Normativity is a central theme of Nietzsche’s philosophical naturalism. Values and epistemic claims place normative demands on us, that is, they both constrain and enable our agency in a world of which we are a constitutive part as natural beings. For Nietzsche, normativity can thus be understood as the condition for the possibility of values and knowledge. Much less attention has been paid to the question why Nietzsche would assume that anything at all could be normative. Philosophical concepts and arguments central to Nietzsche’s thought, such as his emphasis on ‘becoming’ and his seeming rejection of ‘natural laws’, seem to contradict the possibility of a normative world. I will argue that Nietzsche’s understanding of normativity continues Kant’s reflections on ‘natural necessity’ under the conditions of the metaphysical questions raised by the natural sciences of the nineteenth century. Nietzsche develops a model of ‘necessity’ that is immanent to ‘becoming’ and that as such seeks to resolve the tension between necessity and freedom. Nietzsche’s ‘will to power’ can be seen as a direct manifestation of this model, but this also highlights that Nietzsche’s philosophical naturalism cannot escape metaphysics.

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