TUNNELSPECTROSCOPY OF INHOMOGENEOUS POTENTIAL BARRIERS SHOWING RESONANCES EXEMPLIFIED FOR Nb ₂Ο₅

Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. PREFACE v
3. CONTENTS vii
4. LIST OF PARTICIPANTS xix
5. JUNCTION AND DEVICE PHYSICS
6. PHYSICS OF TUNNELING BARRIERS 1
7. TUNNELSPECTROSCOPY OF INHOMOGENEOUS POTENTIAL BARRIERS SHOWING RESONANCES EXEMPLIFIED FOR Nb ₂Ο₅ 31
8. NON-THERMAL NOISE IN ULTRASMALL AREA TUNNEL JUNCTION DC SQUIDS 43
9. MICROSCOPIC THEORY OP THE JOSEPHSON EFFECT IN THE SNINS AND SNIS TUNNEL JUNCTION 49
10. STATIONARY PROPERTIES OP JOSEPHSON SN-N-NS MICROBRIDGES 55
11. ALTERATION OF MAGNETIC FIELD DEPENDENCE FOR VOLTAGE BIASED SNS JOSEPHSON JUNCTIONS 59
12. BEHAVIOUR OF ALUMINIUM MICROBRIDGES IRRADIATED WITH MICROWAVES 65
13. AUTOMATION OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF CIRCUITS WITH JOSEPHSON TUNNEL JUNCTIONS 71
14. ON A FEW-DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM-MODEL OF THE JOSEPHSON TUNNELING JUNCTION 77
15. DIRECT NUMERICAL DETERMINATION OF STATIONARY ROTATIONAL STATES IN JOSEPHSON JUNCTIONS WITH ARBITRARY CURRENT PHASE RELATION 83
16. ANALYTICAL CALCULATION OF THE INDUCTANCE OF JOSEPHSON JUNCTIONS 89
17. INFLUENCE OF THE ABRICOSOV'S VORTICES ON SUPERCONDUCTING TUNNEL JUNCTIONS PROPERTIES 95
18. I-V CURVES OF RF-DRIVEN JOSEPHSON JUNCTIONS IN THE LOW FREQUENCY REGIME 101
19. RECONSTRUCTION OF THE JOSEPHSON JUNCTION PARAMETERS VIA ITS THRESHOLD CURVES 107
20. PROPERTIES OF THE LEAD-ALLOY JOSEPHSON TUNNEL JUNCTIONS 113
21. RESONANT MODES IN LIGHT-SENSITIVE dc SQUIDs 119
22. RESONANT MODES IN REFRACTORY BASELAYER d.c. SQUIDs 125
23. QUANTIZED FLUX Φ₀ IN DC-SQUID WITH LI₀ < Φ₀ 131
24. MULTIPLE PERIODS AND HYPERFINE FEATURES IN DC SQUID RESPONSE 137
25. THE INDUCTANCES OF R.F. SQUIDS 141
26. Nb-Si-Nb TUNNEL JUNCTION RF SQUID 147
27. NOISE, BANDWIDTH AND THE RESISTIVELY SHUNTED JUNCTION MODEL OF AN AC BIASED SQUID MAGNETOMETER 151
28. THE ASYMMETRY EFFECT IN DC-SQUID 157
29. A RESISTIVE DC-SQUID 165
30. THREE TERMINAL NON-EQUILIBRIUM SUPERCONDUCTING DEVICES 171
31. QUITERON FOR LOGIC APPLICATIONS 191
32. PROBABLE COHERENT OSCILLATIONS AT SINGLE-ELECTRON TUNNELING 197
33. CHARGE OSCILLATIONS AND ZENER NOISE DUE TO INTERBAND TRANSITIONS IN SMALL JUNCTIONS 203
34. THE LIFETIMES OF NON-EQUILIBRIUM DISSIPATIVE STEADY STATES 219
35. MACROSCOPIC QUANTUM FLUCTUATIONS
36. MACROSCOPIC QUANTUM TUNNELLING AND COHERENCE: THEIR SIGNIFICANCE FOR THE FOUNDATIONS OF PHYSICS 243
37. MACROSCOPIC QUANTUM EFFECTS AND QUANTUM NOISE IN JOSEPHSON ELEMENTS 251
38. MACROSCOPIC QUANTUM TUNNELING AND QUANTUM COHERENCE IN JOSEPHSON SYSTEMS 289
39. MACROSCOPIC QUANTUM EFFECTS IN THE ZERO VOLTAGE STATE OF THE CURRENT BIASED JOSEPHSON JUNCTION 317
40. THE DECAY OF METASTABLE STATES IN SYSTEMS WITH HIGHLY DAMPED JOSEPHSON JUNCTIONS 337
41. INTRINSIC TUNNEL JUNCTION PROPERTIES AND KRAMERS' MACROSCOPIC ESCAPE PROBLEM 343
42. INFLUENCE OF THERMAL FLUCTUATIONS AND BIASING FORCES ON Q-FACTOR AND AMPLITUDE OF MACROSCOPIC QUANTUM OSCILLATIONS 349
43. MACROSCOPIC QUANTUM COHERENCE: AN EXPERIMENTAL STRATEGY 355
44. MACROSCOPIC QUANTUM MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF AN A.C. BIASED SQUID MAGNETOMETER 361
45. BEHAVIOUR OF AN AC BIASED SQUID RING IN THE QUANTUM MECHANICAL JOSEPHSON LIMIT 367
46. SCHRÖDINGER EQUATION SOLUTIONS FOR A WEAK LINK CONSTRICTION RING 373
47. CHAOTIC PHENOMENA
48. CHAOS IN JUNCTIONS AND DEVICES 377
49. UNIVERSAL SCALING AND CHAOTIC BEHAVIOR – A JOSEPHSON JUNCTION ANALOG APPROACH 409
50. EFFECT OF CHAOS ON THE 1-V CURVES OF RF-DR1VEN JOSEPHSON JUNCTIONS 419
51. OBSERVATION OF MULTIQUANTUM TRANSITIONS WITH INTERMITTENCY IN HYSTERETIC SLIGHTLY UNDERDAMPED RF-SQUIDS 425
52. FLUXON DYNAMICS
53. PROBLEMS OF FLUXON MOTION IN LONG JOSEPHSON JUNCTIONS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS 431
54. SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE MAXIMUM JOSEPHSON CURRENT IN A SUPERCONDUCTING TUNNEL JUNCTION 461
55. NUMERICAL STUDIES OF FLUXON DYNAMICS IN ANNULAR JOSEPHSON JUNCTION OSCILLATORS 465
56. CAVITY MODES IN RECTANGULAR JOSEPHSON JUNCTIONS 471
57. EFFECT OF NONLINEAR DAMPING ON THE ZERO FIELD STEPS OF LONG JOSEPHSON TUNNEL JUNCTIONS 477
58. INFLUENCE OF THE LOWER LIMIT FOR THE FLUXON CONTRACTION ON THE I-V CHARACTERISTIC OF ZERO-FIELD SINGULARITIES IN LONG JOSEPHSON JUNCTIONS 483
59. FISKE STEPS IN LONG OVERLAP JUNCTIONS 495
60. RF INDUCED STEPS IN LONG JOSEPHSON JUNCTIONS 501
61. CHAOS AND SUBHARMONIC GENERATION IN LONG JOSEPHSON JUNCTIONS 507
62. FLUXON OSCILLATIONS IN INTERMEDIATE-LENGTH JOSEPHSON JUNCTIONS 513
63. SPLITTING OF THE FIRST ZERO-FIELD STEP IN A JOSEPHSON JUNCTION OF INTERMEDIATE LENGTH 521
64. FLUX QUANTIZATION IN NORMAL METAL RINGS
65. QUANTUM OSCILLATIONS IN NORMAL METAL LOOPS 529
66. IN SEARCH OF MAGNETIC FLUX QUANTIZATION IN NORMAL METAL RINGS 561
67. h/2e OSCILLATIONS IN THE MAGNETORESISTANCE OF NORMAL ALUMINUM RINGS 585
68. FABRICATION TECHNIQUES
69. NEW MATERIALS FOR REFRACTORY TUNNEL JUNCTIONS: FUNDAMENTAL ASPECTS 591
70. NBN BASED JOSEPHSON JUNCTIONS 631
71. NIOBIUM ETCH PRODUCTS IN A CF₄ / 0₂ PLASMA 659
72. FABRICATION AND PROPERTIES OF NITROGEN IMPLANTED NIOBIUM WEAK-LINKS 665
73. FABRICATION TECHNIQUES FOR THIN FILM NB₃GE JOSEPHSON DEVICES 671
74. ANODIC OXYDATION : A SIMPLE PROCEDURE FOR NbN THIN FILM CHARACTERISATION 685
75. TIN–COBALT ALLOY JOSEPHSON JUNCTIONS 691
76. DC MAGNETRON SYSTEM FOR THE PREPARATION OF NIOBIUM THIN FILMS 697
77. CRYOCOOLERS
78. PROGRESS IN COOLING FACILITIES FOR SQUID APPLICATIONS ?! 701
79. GIFFORD-MCMAHON CRYOCOOLER WITH A FINAL JOULE-THOMSON STAGE 717
80. CONICAL PLASTIC CRYOCOOLER FOR SQUIDS 723
81. SQUID INSTRUMENTS
82. INTEGRATED THIN FILM SQUID INSTRUMENTS 729
83. TUNNEL JUNCTION DC SQUID WITH A PLANAR INPUT COIL 761
84. DC-SQUID DESIGN FOR A 25 CHANNEL MULTISENSOR TEST CIRCUIT 773
85. MULTILOOP PLANAR DC SQUID GRADIOMETER 779
86. EFFECT OF A SUPERCONDUCTING CYLINDER ON THE SQUID-MAGNETOMETER SIGNAL FROM A MAGNETIC DIPOLE 783
87. HYSTERETIC AC SQUIDs USING TUNNEL JOSEPHSON JUNCTIONS 791
88. HYSTERETIC NOISE SIMULATION OF DC SQUIDS WITH INPUT COIL 807
89. NOISE CONTRIBUTIONS TO SQUID CIRCUITS DUE TO TEMPERATURE FLUCTUATIONS 813
90. A NEW R.F. SQUID 823
91. APPLICATION OF A DC SQUID TO RF AMPLIFICATION: NQR 829
92. SQUID GRADIOMETRIC DETECTION OF DEFECTS IN FERROMAGNETIC STRUCTURES 841
93. NOISE OPTIMIZATION OF DC SQUID-BASED WIDEBAND AMPLIFIERS 847
94. NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF METALLIC STRUCTURES USING A SQUID MAGNETOMETER 853
95. DC SQUID FLUX FOCUSER 865
96. CALORIMETRY AT LOW TEMPERATURES USING A SQUID 873
97. DETECTION OF NMR LARMOR AND DOUBLE LARMOR FREQUENCY OF PROTONS BY A SQUID 879
98. DETECTION OF SCHUMANN RESONANCES WITH THREE-AXIAL SQUID MAGNETOMETER 885
99. BIOMAGNETIC INSTRUMENTATION
100. SQUID MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES IN MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS 891
101. USE OF MULTISENSOR SQUID SYSTEMS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 909
102. MULTICHANNEL INSTRUMENTATION FOR ΒIOMAGNETISM 919
103. DESIGN OF COMPENSATED PLANAR INPUT COILS FOR BIOMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS 933
104. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR MULTICHANNEL SQUID MAGNETOMETERS 939
105. HIGH-RESOLUTION MCG WITH DC-THIN FILM SQUID'S 945
106. PERFORMANCES OF HIGHER ORDER PLANAR GRADIOMETERS FOR ΒIOMAGNETIC SOURCE LOCALIZATION 951
107. HF APPLICATIONS
108. ADVANCES IN HIGH FREQUENCY APPLICATIONS OF SUPERCONDUCTING TUNNEL JUNCTIONS 963
109. SIS QUASIPARTICLE MIXER RECEIVER FOR RADIO-ASTRONOMY APPLICATIONS 987
110. SATELLITE MICROWAVE STEPS AND MIXING CLOSE TO THE SELF-RESONANCE OF A JOSEPHSON TUNNEL JUNCTION 999
111. JOSEPHSON INTERFERENCE AND ITS SUPPRESSION IN SIS MIXERS OPERATING CLOSE TO THE GAP FREQUENCY 1005
112. QUANTUM FLUCTUATIONS AT QUADRATIC VIDEODETECTION OF MICROWAVE RADIATION USING SUPERCONDUCTING JUNCTIONS 1011
113. PARAMETRIC EFFECTS IN INDUCTIVELY COMPENSATED TUNNEL JUNCTIONS 1017
114. AMPLIFIER NOISE SIMULATION OF DC SQUIDS WITH GROUNDED INPUT COIL 1023
115. X-BAND PARAMETRIC AMPLIFIER AND MICROWAVE SQUID USING SINGLETUNNEL- JUNCTION SUPERCONDUCTING INTERFEROMETER 1029
116. JOSEPHSON JUNCTION ARRAYS 1035
117. MUTUAL PHASE LOCKING OF THE JOSEPHSON TUNNEL JUNCTIONS 1059
118. DYNAMIC CONDUCTANCE OF A TW-DIMENSIONAL ARRAY OF JOSEPHSON JUNCTIONS 1065
119. RF SQUID MATCHING TO A FIFTY OHMS LINE THEORY AND EXPERIMENT 1071
120. DIGITAL APPLICATIONS
121. Configuration of High Speed Superconducting Logic Circuits 1077
122. OPTIMIZED RCJL FAMILY AND TWO-BIT FULL ADDER 1097
123. RESISTIVE SINGLE FLUX QUANTUM LOGIC FOR THE JOSEPHSON-JUNCTION DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY 1103
124. JOSEPHSON-JUNCTION A/D CONVERTER USING PARAMETRIC QUANTRONS AND REDUNDANT CODING 1109
125. OVERSHOOT AND RISE TIME SIMULATION OF JOSEPHSON JUNCTION SAMPLERS 1115
126. A COMPARISON OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES WITH SUPER- AND SEMI-CONDUCTORS 1127
127. METROLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
128. THERMOMETRY AND STANDARDS WITH JOSEPHSON JUNCTIONS 1147
129. NOISE THERMOMETER BETWEEN 1 AND 7.2 Κ USING A SQUID MAGNETOMETER 1157
130. STABLE CONSTANT VOLTAGE STEPS BETWEEN 0.1 AND 1.5 V FROM NEW SERIES ARRAYS OF JOSEPHSON TUNNEL JUNCTIONS 1163
131. A POSSIBLE QUANTUM CURRENT STANDARD BASED ON A SUPERCONDUCTING WEAK-LINK 1167
132. VARIOUS APPLICATIONS AND PROPOSALS
133. SUPERCONDUCTIVE TUNNEL STRUCTURES AS RADIATION DETECTORS 1173
134. ESR IN SITU WITH A JOSEPHSON TUNNEL JUNCTION 1177
135. THE SQUID AS A MEASURING DEVICE FOR THE ELECTROMAGNETIC RESPONSE TO GRAVITATIONAL WAVES 1179
136. Laboratory Experiment for Testing the Gravi-Magnetic Hypothesis with Squid-Magnetometers 1183
137. A SUPERCONDUCTING GRAVITY GRADIOMETER 1191
138. GYROMAGNETIC DETECTION OF ROTATION WITH A FERROMAGNETIC CORE SQUID 1197
139. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 1203
140. SUBJECT INDEX 1213
141. SURVEY ON MATERIALS 1228
142. AUTHOR INDEX 1233
143. 1237-1238 1237