Hedging Strategies in Written Academic Discourse: Strengthening the Argument by Weakening the Claim

Chapters in this book

1. I-VIII I
2. I. Introduction
3. Hedging: A Challenge for Pragmatics and Discourse Analysis 3
4. II. Hedging Strategies in Academic Discourse
5. Hedging Strategies in Written Academic Discourse: Strengthening the Argument by Weakening the Claim 21
6. How to Tell the Truth in The British Medical Journal: Patterns of Judgement in the 19th and 20th Centuries 42
7. Hedging in Russian Academic Writing in Sociological Texts 64
8. III. Interactive Aspects of Hedging
9. Hedges and Readers: Effects on Attitudes and Learning 83
10. Hedging in Language Revisers’ Hands 115
11. Hedging in Expert-Language Reviews 134
12. IV. Cross-cultural Aspects of Hedging
13. On the Writing of Science and the Science of Writing: Hedging in Science Text and Elsewhere 151
14. Impersonalization as a Form of Hedging 168
15. Interlanguage View on Hedging 188
16. Some Observations on Hedging Phenomena and Modifying Devices as Regional Markers in the Speech of Young East Germans 208
17. V. Hedging: The Concept, its Origins and a Bibliographical Guide
18. The Concept of Hedging: Origins, Approaches and Definitions 235
19. Hedging Research in Pragmatics: A Bibliographical Research Guide to Hedging 249
20. Name Index 273
21. Subject Index 277
22. 281-284 281