Chapter 24 Aggression and Violence in Entertainment Media
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Barbara Krahé
Abstract
A large body of scientific evidence suggests that regular exposure to violence in entertainment media may promote aggressive behavior. Although effect sizes are in the small to medium range, different methodologies have demonstrated that media violence exposure can make a significant contribution to the understanding of aggressive behavior shown in everyday interactions. The chapter begins by presenting evidence on the widespread presence of violence in different types of entertainment media and discussing motives underlying the attraction to violent media contents. Next, theoretical accounts of media violence effects on thinking, feeling, and behavior are discussed, focusing on social learning and emotional desensitization. Empirical evidence from correlational studies linking media violence use to aggression, experimental studies testing the effects of media violence use against nonviolent media contents, longitudinal studies examining long-term effects of violent media use, and meta-analytic reviews is summarized to evaluate the strength of the empirical evidence for the association of media violence use and aggression. The final section discusses intervention studies seeking to break the link between media violence use and aggression.
Abstract
A large body of scientific evidence suggests that regular exposure to violence in entertainment media may promote aggressive behavior. Although effect sizes are in the small to medium range, different methodologies have demonstrated that media violence exposure can make a significant contribution to the understanding of aggressive behavior shown in everyday interactions. The chapter begins by presenting evidence on the widespread presence of violence in different types of entertainment media and discussing motives underlying the attraction to violent media contents. Next, theoretical accounts of media violence effects on thinking, feeling, and behavior are discussed, focusing on social learning and emotional desensitization. Empirical evidence from correlational studies linking media violence use to aggression, experimental studies testing the effects of media violence use against nonviolent media contents, longitudinal studies examining long-term effects of violent media use, and meta-analytic reviews is summarized to evaluate the strength of the empirical evidence for the association of media violence use and aggression. The final section discusses intervention studies seeking to break the link between media violence use and aggression.
Kapitel in diesem Buch
- Frontmatter I
- Acknowledgements V
- Contents VII
- About the Editor XIII
- Preface to Handbooks of Communication Science series XVI
-
General Introduction
- Media Entertainment Theory and Research: Still an Amorphous Area 1
-
Section 1: Retrospectives and Foundations
- Chapter 1 Media Effects Paradigms: Was There Ever a Magic Bullet? 13
- Chapter 2 The Early Development of Audience Entertainment Research, 1937–1940 25
- Chapter 3 Humor and Mirth 37
- Chapter 4 Emotion and Entertainment 55
- Chapter 5 Audio-Visual Formal Features of Entertainment Messages 69
- Chapter 6 Encoding/Decoding Entertainment Media 85
-
Section 2: Key and Canonical Theories
- Chapter 7 Narratives and Entertainment Media 103
- Chapter 8 Parasocial Interaction and Parasocial Relationship 119
- Chapter 9 Affective Disposition Theory 133
- Chapter 10 Uses and Gratifications Theory 149
- Chapter 11 Cultivation Theory and Entertainment 163
- Chapter 12 Identification with Characters in Narratives 177
- Chapter 13 Media Selection Processes in Entertainment 189
- Chapter 14 Media Habits and Entertainment 203
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Section 3: Considerations of Content/Genre/Type/ Setting
- Chapter 15 Crime Entertainment Media 219
- Chapter 16 Horror as Entertainment 231
- Chapter 17 Sport as Entertainment 245
- Chapter 18 Representation Matters: Ethnic/Racial Depictions in US Entertainment Media and the Implications for Audiences 257
- Chapter 19 Political Satire 273
- Chapter 20 Love It and/or Hate It: Journalism as Entertainment 289
- Chapter 21 Entertainment Media’s Effects on Child Audiences 303
- Chapter 22 Risk Behavior and Entertainment 321
- Chapter 23 Sexual Content, Sexuality in Media 337
- Chapter 24 Aggression and Violence in Entertainment Media 351
- Chapter 25 Entertainment-Education Media: Where Learning Is Fun 369
- Chapter 26 Transcendence and “Inspiring Media” 383
- Chapter 27 Branded Entertainment as a Win–Win Strategy for Consumers and Advertisers 397
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Section 4: Critical and Cultural Considerations
- Chapter 28 Searching for Meaning: Positioning Fan Research within Trends in Communication Studies 415
- Chapter 29 Gender, Identity, and Entertainment 429
- Chapter 30 Globalisation 445
- Chapter 31 Surveillance and Entertainment 457
- Chapter 32 Postcolonial Theory and Media Entertainment 469
- Chapter 33 The Role of Paratexts in Media Entertainment 481
- Chapter 34 Feminist Media Studies and Entertainment 493
- Chapter 35 Mediatization and Entertainment 505
- Chapter 36 Spaces and Places in Entertainment 521
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Section 5: Digital Media and Technology
- Chapter 37 Extended Reality and Metaverse Technology 535
- Chapter 38 Streaming Media and Entertainment Experiences 549
- Chapter 39 Esports and Game Streaming 563
- Chapter 40 Video Games as Entertaining-yet-Demanding Interactivity 577
- Chapter 41 Media Multitasking and Entertainment 591
- Chapter 42 Analytics in the Entertainment Industry 605
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Section 6: Advances and Conclusions
- Chapter 43 Priming and Exemplification: Implications for Entertainment 623
- Chapter 44 The Biology of Entertainment 635
- Chapter 45 Computational Modeling Entertainment Media Choice and Decision-Making in Communication Science 649
- Chapter 46 The Role of Theory in Media Entertainment Research 665
- Author Biographies 679
- Index 691
Kapitel in diesem Buch
- Frontmatter I
- Acknowledgements V
- Contents VII
- About the Editor XIII
- Preface to Handbooks of Communication Science series XVI
-
General Introduction
- Media Entertainment Theory and Research: Still an Amorphous Area 1
-
Section 1: Retrospectives and Foundations
- Chapter 1 Media Effects Paradigms: Was There Ever a Magic Bullet? 13
- Chapter 2 The Early Development of Audience Entertainment Research, 1937–1940 25
- Chapter 3 Humor and Mirth 37
- Chapter 4 Emotion and Entertainment 55
- Chapter 5 Audio-Visual Formal Features of Entertainment Messages 69
- Chapter 6 Encoding/Decoding Entertainment Media 85
-
Section 2: Key and Canonical Theories
- Chapter 7 Narratives and Entertainment Media 103
- Chapter 8 Parasocial Interaction and Parasocial Relationship 119
- Chapter 9 Affective Disposition Theory 133
- Chapter 10 Uses and Gratifications Theory 149
- Chapter 11 Cultivation Theory and Entertainment 163
- Chapter 12 Identification with Characters in Narratives 177
- Chapter 13 Media Selection Processes in Entertainment 189
- Chapter 14 Media Habits and Entertainment 203
-
Section 3: Considerations of Content/Genre/Type/ Setting
- Chapter 15 Crime Entertainment Media 219
- Chapter 16 Horror as Entertainment 231
- Chapter 17 Sport as Entertainment 245
- Chapter 18 Representation Matters: Ethnic/Racial Depictions in US Entertainment Media and the Implications for Audiences 257
- Chapter 19 Political Satire 273
- Chapter 20 Love It and/or Hate It: Journalism as Entertainment 289
- Chapter 21 Entertainment Media’s Effects on Child Audiences 303
- Chapter 22 Risk Behavior and Entertainment 321
- Chapter 23 Sexual Content, Sexuality in Media 337
- Chapter 24 Aggression and Violence in Entertainment Media 351
- Chapter 25 Entertainment-Education Media: Where Learning Is Fun 369
- Chapter 26 Transcendence and “Inspiring Media” 383
- Chapter 27 Branded Entertainment as a Win–Win Strategy for Consumers and Advertisers 397
-
Section 4: Critical and Cultural Considerations
- Chapter 28 Searching for Meaning: Positioning Fan Research within Trends in Communication Studies 415
- Chapter 29 Gender, Identity, and Entertainment 429
- Chapter 30 Globalisation 445
- Chapter 31 Surveillance and Entertainment 457
- Chapter 32 Postcolonial Theory and Media Entertainment 469
- Chapter 33 The Role of Paratexts in Media Entertainment 481
- Chapter 34 Feminist Media Studies and Entertainment 493
- Chapter 35 Mediatization and Entertainment 505
- Chapter 36 Spaces and Places in Entertainment 521
-
Section 5: Digital Media and Technology
- Chapter 37 Extended Reality and Metaverse Technology 535
- Chapter 38 Streaming Media and Entertainment Experiences 549
- Chapter 39 Esports and Game Streaming 563
- Chapter 40 Video Games as Entertaining-yet-Demanding Interactivity 577
- Chapter 41 Media Multitasking and Entertainment 591
- Chapter 42 Analytics in the Entertainment Industry 605
-
Section 6: Advances and Conclusions
- Chapter 43 Priming and Exemplification: Implications for Entertainment 623
- Chapter 44 The Biology of Entertainment 635
- Chapter 45 Computational Modeling Entertainment Media Choice and Decision-Making in Communication Science 649
- Chapter 46 The Role of Theory in Media Entertainment Research 665
- Author Biographies 679
- Index 691