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David Hume und René Descartes. Über Form und Struktur der Deduktion der Kategorien

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Abstract

This essay examines the deduction of the categories from the perspective of the concepts of modality. Two distinct conceptual models characterize Kant’s argument, shaping the text’s various shifts and alterations: (1) the model of the relative necessity of the pure concepts of the understanding, which define the form of experience itself and the subsumtion of the given under this form, and (2) the model of the absolute positing of these forms through transcendental apperception. The aim of this essay is to explain how these models arise out of Kant’s engagement with two philosophers: Hume and Descartes. The deduction of the categories may well take the form of a „subjective“ or an „objective“ deduction (according to Kant’s distinction in the preface to the first edition of the Critique), although, in both cases, the relationship between the absolutely necessary and the relatively necessary plays a formative and constitutive role in Kant’s argument.

Abstract

This essay examines the deduction of the categories from the perspective of the concepts of modality. Two distinct conceptual models characterize Kant’s argument, shaping the text’s various shifts and alterations: (1) the model of the relative necessity of the pure concepts of the understanding, which define the form of experience itself and the subsumtion of the given under this form, and (2) the model of the absolute positing of these forms through transcendental apperception. The aim of this essay is to explain how these models arise out of Kant’s engagement with two philosophers: Hume and Descartes. The deduction of the categories may well take the form of a „subjective“ or an „objective“ deduction (according to Kant’s distinction in the preface to the first edition of the Critique), although, in both cases, the relationship between the absolutely necessary and the relatively necessary plays a formative and constitutive role in Kant’s argument.

Chapters in this book

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Acknowledgements V
  3. Table of Contents VII
  4. Abbreviations and Citations XI
  5. Introduction 1
  6. The Sources of Apperception
  7. Apperzeption bei Leibniz und Kant 59
  8. Bewusstsein und innerer Sinn bei Baumgarten: Ein Beitrag zu Kants Begriff der Apperzeption? 93
  9. David Hume und René Descartes. Über Form und Struktur der Deduktion der Kategorien 113
  10. Lamberts Postulate als Quelle der Synthesis Kants 133
  11. J. B. Merians Auffassung der Apperzeption. Eine Quelle für Kant? 193
  12. Gefühl in Kant’s Gefühl eines Daseins: Clues from Tetens and Feder 219
  13. Developments in Kant’s Thought
  14. Consciousness, Inner Sense and Self-Consciousness in the 1760s 253
  15. Von den Grentzen der Sinnlichkeit und der Vernunft zur Idee der Critick der reinen Vernunft. Lamberts Einfluss auf Kants Denken zwischen 1770 und 1772 275
  16. The Transcendental Deduction of the Categories in the Reflections of the Duisburg Nachlass (ca. 1775) 307
  17. The A and B Deductions
  18. Apperzeption und Natur. Zur transzendentalen Deduktion der Kategorien bei Kant 321
  19. The Subjective Deduction and Kant’s Methodological Skepticism 341
  20. Zwischen Sinnlichkeit und Verstand. Kants Kategoriendeduktion und die Funktionen der Einbildungskraft 361
  21. The Proof-Structure of Kant’s A-Edition Objective Deduction 381
  22. The Unity of Cognition and the Subjectivist vs. “Transformative” Approaches to the B-Deduction, or, How to Read the Leitfaden (A79) 403
  23. The Transcendental Synthesis of the Imagination and the Structure of the B Deduction 437
  24. Kant’s Metaphysical and Transcendental Deductions of the Categories: Tasks, Steps, and Claims of Identity 461
  25. Kant’s Enactivism 493
  26. Apperception and Self-Knowledge
  27. Apperception as “Radical Faculty” 513
  28. Wie beweist Kant die „Realität“ unseres äußeren Sinnes? 525
  29. Selbsterkenntnis: Eine kantische Strategie 571
  30. Knowledge, Self-Knowledge and Self-Identity: Transcendental and Empirical Arguments 597
  31. Wie erfahren wir uns selbst sinnlich? Ein Lösungsvorschlag zu Kants Paradox der Selbstaffektion 613
  32. Index of Names 641
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