Tolerance: A Phenomenological Approach
Abstract
In this chapter I present and criticize the dominant Two-Component View (TCV) of tolerance and propose to replace it with a One-Component View (OCV) based on Husserlian phenomenology. In the first part of the chapter I present the TCV as the view that tolerance consists of the conjunction of a positive and a negative component, and I discuss four specifications of the TCV by Preston King, Rainer Forst, Achim Lohmar, and Lester Embree. I argue that the paradox involved in the conjunction of two opposite components is not plausibly solved by any of these views. In the second part of the chapter I proceed to outline a Husserlian OCV, according to which tolerance is a moral attitude that neutralizes a positing of value in the context of empathy in order to avoid a valueconflict with another subject. When we tolerate another person we refrain from rebuking or otherwise sanctioning them because we care about their autonomous moral progress more than we care about being axiologically right about our value-positings.
Abstract
In this chapter I present and criticize the dominant Two-Component View (TCV) of tolerance and propose to replace it with a One-Component View (OCV) based on Husserlian phenomenology. In the first part of the chapter I present the TCV as the view that tolerance consists of the conjunction of a positive and a negative component, and I discuss four specifications of the TCV by Preston King, Rainer Forst, Achim Lohmar, and Lester Embree. I argue that the paradox involved in the conjunction of two opposite components is not plausibly solved by any of these views. In the second part of the chapter I proceed to outline a Husserlian OCV, according to which tolerance is a moral attitude that neutralizes a positing of value in the context of empathy in order to avoid a valueconflict with another subject. When we tolerate another person we refrain from rebuking or otherwise sanctioning them because we care about their autonomous moral progress more than we care about being axiologically right about our value-positings.
Chapters in this book
- Frontmatter I
- Table of Contents V
- List of Contributors 1
- Editors’ Introduction 3
- From Empathy to Intersubjectivity: The Phenomenological Approach 23
-
Methodological and metaphysical issues
- Philosophy as a Fallible Science 47
- Back to Husserl. Reclaiming the Traditional Philosophical Context of the Phenomenological ‘Problem’ of the Other: Leibniz’s “Monadology” 63
- Plural Absolutes? Husserl and Merleau-Ponty on Being-In-a-Shared-World and its Metaphysical Implications 83
- Egological Reduction and Intersubjective Reduction 109
- Pathological Reduction and Hermeneutics of the Normal and the Pathological: the Convergence between Merleau-Ponty and Canguilhem 137
-
The experience of self and other
- Empathy, Intersubjectivity, and the World-Orienting Other 165
- Self: Temporality, Finitude and Intersubjectivity 187
- Towards Self-divided Subjectivity. Merleau-Ponty’s Phenomenological- Ontological Theory of Intersubjectivity 201
- Phenomenology of the Inapparent and Michel Henry’s Criticism of the Noematic Presentation of Alterity 225
-
Perception, emotion, and trust
- Listening to Others: Music and the Phenomenology of Hearing 243
- (Un)learning to see others. Perception, Types, and Position-Taking in Husserl’s Phenomenology 261
- Envy, Powerlessness, and the Feeling of Self-Worth 279
- Social Anxiety, Self-Consciousness, and Interpersonal Experience 303
- Trauma, Language, and Trust 323
-
The social world: empathy, morality, and metapolitics
- Empathy, Sympathetic Respect, and the Foundations of Morality 345
- Tolerance: A Phenomenological Approach 363
- Anger, Hatred, Prejudice. An Aristotelian Perspective 389
- Habit, Attention and Affection: Husserlian Inflections 413
- Die äusserste Feindschaft: Heidegger, Anti-Judaism, and the War to End All Wars 435
- Heidegger’s Metapolitics: Phenomenology, Metaphysics, and the Volk 461
- Index 485
- Erratum 495
Chapters in this book
- Frontmatter I
- Table of Contents V
- List of Contributors 1
- Editors’ Introduction 3
- From Empathy to Intersubjectivity: The Phenomenological Approach 23
-
Methodological and metaphysical issues
- Philosophy as a Fallible Science 47
- Back to Husserl. Reclaiming the Traditional Philosophical Context of the Phenomenological ‘Problem’ of the Other: Leibniz’s “Monadology” 63
- Plural Absolutes? Husserl and Merleau-Ponty on Being-In-a-Shared-World and its Metaphysical Implications 83
- Egological Reduction and Intersubjective Reduction 109
- Pathological Reduction and Hermeneutics of the Normal and the Pathological: the Convergence between Merleau-Ponty and Canguilhem 137
-
The experience of self and other
- Empathy, Intersubjectivity, and the World-Orienting Other 165
- Self: Temporality, Finitude and Intersubjectivity 187
- Towards Self-divided Subjectivity. Merleau-Ponty’s Phenomenological- Ontological Theory of Intersubjectivity 201
- Phenomenology of the Inapparent and Michel Henry’s Criticism of the Noematic Presentation of Alterity 225
-
Perception, emotion, and trust
- Listening to Others: Music and the Phenomenology of Hearing 243
- (Un)learning to see others. Perception, Types, and Position-Taking in Husserl’s Phenomenology 261
- Envy, Powerlessness, and the Feeling of Self-Worth 279
- Social Anxiety, Self-Consciousness, and Interpersonal Experience 303
- Trauma, Language, and Trust 323
-
The social world: empathy, morality, and metapolitics
- Empathy, Sympathetic Respect, and the Foundations of Morality 345
- Tolerance: A Phenomenological Approach 363
- Anger, Hatred, Prejudice. An Aristotelian Perspective 389
- Habit, Attention and Affection: Husserlian Inflections 413
- Die äusserste Feindschaft: Heidegger, Anti-Judaism, and the War to End All Wars 435
- Heidegger’s Metapolitics: Phenomenology, Metaphysics, and the Volk 461
- Index 485
- Erratum 495
