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36 Introduction to Uralic languages

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Derivational Networks Across Languages
Ein Kapitel aus dem Buch Derivational Networks Across Languages
László Palágyi, Erzsébet Tóth-Czifra, Réka Benczes36 Introduction to Uralic languages36.1 General issues in Uralic derivationProviding a succinct summary of derivation in the Uralic language family is a chal-lenging, if not a“practically impossible”task (Kiefer and Laakso 2014: 1), due pri-marily to the internal diversity of the language family (Abondolo 1998; Collinder1960, 1969; Marcantonio 2003), which is comparable to the diversity inherent inthe Indo-European language family and to the immensely rich derivational systemthat each of the languages in the family possesses.1(Note also that the respectivelanguages have been very unevenly researched and/or documented–see Kieferand Laasko 2014.) The Uralic language family consists of six main branches (ontaxonomical issues, see Salminen 2002): Finnic, Mari, Mordvin, Permic, Ugric andSamoyedic. As far as the languages of the present volume are concerned,Estonian, Finnish and (central-south) Saami belong to the Finnic branch (Itkonen1997; Laakso 2000; Sammallahti 1998), while Hungarian is an Ugric language(Honti 1979; Kálmán 1988).Uralic languages are agglutinative; each bound morpheme typically repre-sents one morphological category. Nevertheless, full agglutination is an excep-tion rather than the rule; plenty of counterexamples abound (see, for example,Hungarianház-am‘my house’inlátom a ház-am-Ø‘I see my house’, where theaccusative is not represented with a distinct morpheme). Derivational morphol-ogy is chiefly suffix-based in all Uralic languages (similarly to inflectional mor-phology). However, prefixes can occur (see, for example, negative prefixationin North Saami,eahpe-čielgass‘unclear’). Derivation-like prefixes that modifythe meaning of the verb and which might even change its argument structureare generally common in Ugric languages (Kiefer and Honti 2003). Such pre-fixes (also referred to as‘preverbs’in the literature) differ from Romance, Slavicor German verbal prefixes, since they are not inseparable from the verbal base.Although it is disputed whether the phenomenon is a borrowing or an Ugricheritage that originated in Proto-Ugric, verbal‘prefixation’plays an importantrole in a number of the languages of the family, especially Hungarian.1The two standard works on the history of derivation in Uralic are Györke (1934) and Lehtisalo(1936); for a more recent overview, see Kangasmaa-Minn (1987), Kiefer and Laakso (2014), andLaakso (2015).https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110686630-036
© 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Munich/Boston

László Palágyi, Erzsébet Tóth-Czifra, Réka Benczes36 Introduction to Uralic languages36.1 General issues in Uralic derivationProviding a succinct summary of derivation in the Uralic language family is a chal-lenging, if not a“practically impossible”task (Kiefer and Laakso 2014: 1), due pri-marily to the internal diversity of the language family (Abondolo 1998; Collinder1960, 1969; Marcantonio 2003), which is comparable to the diversity inherent inthe Indo-European language family and to the immensely rich derivational systemthat each of the languages in the family possesses.1(Note also that the respectivelanguages have been very unevenly researched and/or documented–see Kieferand Laasko 2014.) The Uralic language family consists of six main branches (ontaxonomical issues, see Salminen 2002): Finnic, Mari, Mordvin, Permic, Ugric andSamoyedic. As far as the languages of the present volume are concerned,Estonian, Finnish and (central-south) Saami belong to the Finnic branch (Itkonen1997; Laakso 2000; Sammallahti 1998), while Hungarian is an Ugric language(Honti 1979; Kálmán 1988).Uralic languages are agglutinative; each bound morpheme typically repre-sents one morphological category. Nevertheless, full agglutination is an excep-tion rather than the rule; plenty of counterexamples abound (see, for example,Hungarianház-am‘my house’inlátom a ház-am-Ø‘I see my house’, where theaccusative is not represented with a distinct morpheme). Derivational morphol-ogy is chiefly suffix-based in all Uralic languages (similarly to inflectional mor-phology). However, prefixes can occur (see, for example, negative prefixationin North Saami,eahpe-čielgass‘unclear’). Derivation-like prefixes that modifythe meaning of the verb and which might even change its argument structureare generally common in Ugric languages (Kiefer and Honti 2003). Such pre-fixes (also referred to as‘preverbs’in the literature) differ from Romance, Slavicor German verbal prefixes, since they are not inseparable from the verbal base.Although it is disputed whether the phenomenon is a borrowing or an Ugricheritage that originated in Proto-Ugric, verbal‘prefixation’plays an importantrole in a number of the languages of the family, especially Hungarian.1The two standard works on the history of derivation in Uralic are Györke (1934) and Lehtisalo(1936); for a more recent overview, see Kangasmaa-Minn (1987), Kiefer and Laakso (2014), andLaakso (2015).https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110686630-036
© 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Munich/Boston

Kapitel in diesem Buch

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Preface V
  3. Contents VII
  4. Abbreviations XI
  5. 1 Introduction 1
  6. 2 Introduction to Slavic languages 27
  7. 3 Derivational networks in Bulgarian 33
  8. 4 Derivational networks in Croatian 43
  9. 5 Derivational networks in Czech 53
  10. 6 Derivational networks in Polish 65
  11. 7 Derivational networks in Russian 75
  12. 8 Derivational networks in Serbian 85
  13. 9 Derivational networks in Slovak 93
  14. 10 Derivational networks in Slovene 105
  15. 11 Derivational networks in Ukrainian 115
  16. 12 Introduction to Germanic languages 127
  17. 13 Derivational networks in Danish 129
  18. 14 Derivational networks in Dutch 137
  19. 15 Derivational networks in English 147
  20. 16 Derivational networks in Frisian 157
  21. 17 Derivational networks in German 167
  22. 18 Derivational networks in Icelandic 179
  23. 19 Derivational networks in Norwegian 189
  24. 20 Derivational networks in Swedish 203
  25. 21 Introduction to Romance languages 213
  26. 22 Derivational networks in Catalan 217
  27. 23 Derivational networks in French 229
  28. 24 Derivational networks in Galician 239
  29. 25 Derivational networks in Italian 251
  30. 26 Derivational networks in Portuguese 261
  31. 27 Derivational networks in Romanian 273
  32. 28 Derivational networks in Spanish 285
  33. 29 Introduction to Celtic languages 295
  34. 30 Derivational networks in Irish 299
  35. 31 Derivational networks in Welsh 309
  36. 32 Introduction to Baltic languages 319
  37. 33 Derivational networks in Latvian 323
  38. 34 Derivational networks in Lithuanian 333
  39. 35 Derivational networks in Greek 347
  40. 36 Introduction to Uralic languages 361
  41. 37 Derivational networks in Estonian 365
  42. 38 Derivational networks in Finnish 373
  43. 39 Derivational networks in Hungarian 385
  44. 40 Derivational networks in North Saami 399
  45. 41 Introduction to Tatar and Turkish 409
  46. 42 Derivational networks in Tatar 411
  47. 43 Derivational networks in Turkish 423
  48. 44 Derivational networks in Chechen 435
  49. 45 Derivational networks in Dargwa 443
  50. 46 Derivational networks in Basque 455
  51. 47 Derivational networks in Georgian 465
  52. 48 Derivational networks in Maltese 475
  53. 49 Derivational networks in European languages: A cross-linguistic perspective 485
  54. Index 609
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https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110686630-036

Kapitel in diesem Buch

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Preface V
  3. Contents VII
  4. Abbreviations XI
  5. 1 Introduction 1
  6. 2 Introduction to Slavic languages 27
  7. 3 Derivational networks in Bulgarian 33
  8. 4 Derivational networks in Croatian 43
  9. 5 Derivational networks in Czech 53
  10. 6 Derivational networks in Polish 65
  11. 7 Derivational networks in Russian 75
  12. 8 Derivational networks in Serbian 85
  13. 9 Derivational networks in Slovak 93
  14. 10 Derivational networks in Slovene 105
  15. 11 Derivational networks in Ukrainian 115
  16. 12 Introduction to Germanic languages 127
  17. 13 Derivational networks in Danish 129
  18. 14 Derivational networks in Dutch 137
  19. 15 Derivational networks in English 147
  20. 16 Derivational networks in Frisian 157
  21. 17 Derivational networks in German 167
  22. 18 Derivational networks in Icelandic 179
  23. 19 Derivational networks in Norwegian 189
  24. 20 Derivational networks in Swedish 203
  25. 21 Introduction to Romance languages 213
  26. 22 Derivational networks in Catalan 217
  27. 23 Derivational networks in French 229
  28. 24 Derivational networks in Galician 239
  29. 25 Derivational networks in Italian 251
  30. 26 Derivational networks in Portuguese 261
  31. 27 Derivational networks in Romanian 273
  32. 28 Derivational networks in Spanish 285
  33. 29 Introduction to Celtic languages 295
  34. 30 Derivational networks in Irish 299
  35. 31 Derivational networks in Welsh 309
  36. 32 Introduction to Baltic languages 319
  37. 33 Derivational networks in Latvian 323
  38. 34 Derivational networks in Lithuanian 333
  39. 35 Derivational networks in Greek 347
  40. 36 Introduction to Uralic languages 361
  41. 37 Derivational networks in Estonian 365
  42. 38 Derivational networks in Finnish 373
  43. 39 Derivational networks in Hungarian 385
  44. 40 Derivational networks in North Saami 399
  45. 41 Introduction to Tatar and Turkish 409
  46. 42 Derivational networks in Tatar 411
  47. 43 Derivational networks in Turkish 423
  48. 44 Derivational networks in Chechen 435
  49. 45 Derivational networks in Dargwa 443
  50. 46 Derivational networks in Basque 455
  51. 47 Derivational networks in Georgian 465
  52. 48 Derivational networks in Maltese 475
  53. 49 Derivational networks in European languages: A cross-linguistic perspective 485
  54. Index 609
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