8. Antipsychotics
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Tamara Angelo
Abstract
Also known as neuroleptics, anti-schizophrenic and major tranquillizers, antipsychotics are drugs that selectively modify the central nervous system in order to treat psychotic syndromes, i.e. mental disorders of unknown or idiopathic origin. Among psychotic illness, schizophrenia is one of the most severe disorders due to its chronic and disabling characteristics. It is estimated to affect about 1 % of the population, with a high rate of suicide: 10 to 20 times more likely than in the general population. Studies have proved that neuroleptic medication can be used to manage this psychosis due to the drug binding to brain receptors instead of, or in addition to D2 and 5HT2A, including α-1-adrenergic, α-2-adrenergic, dopamine D3, histamine H1, muscarinic, and serotonin 5-HT1A, 5-HT1D, 5-HT2C and 5-HT6 receptors. However, these bindings are not always related to therapeutic effect. Also they may lead to several adverse effects. This chapter highlights the structural-activity relationship of different classes of typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs and provides some considerations concerning new treatment research.
Abstract
Also known as neuroleptics, anti-schizophrenic and major tranquillizers, antipsychotics are drugs that selectively modify the central nervous system in order to treat psychotic syndromes, i.e. mental disorders of unknown or idiopathic origin. Among psychotic illness, schizophrenia is one of the most severe disorders due to its chronic and disabling characteristics. It is estimated to affect about 1 % of the population, with a high rate of suicide: 10 to 20 times more likely than in the general population. Studies have proved that neuroleptic medication can be used to manage this psychosis due to the drug binding to brain receptors instead of, or in addition to D2 and 5HT2A, including α-1-adrenergic, α-2-adrenergic, dopamine D3, histamine H1, muscarinic, and serotonin 5-HT1A, 5-HT1D, 5-HT2C and 5-HT6 receptors. However, these bindings are not always related to therapeutic effect. Also they may lead to several adverse effects. This chapter highlights the structural-activity relationship of different classes of typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs and provides some considerations concerning new treatment research.
Chapters in this book
- Frontmatter I
- Preface V
- Table of Contents VII
- List of Contributing Authors XI
- 1. Overview of chemical drug design 1
- 2. Drug designing in novel drug discovery: Trends, scope and relevance 15
- 3. Structure- and ligand-based approaches in drug designing 31
- 4. Drug design applied to natural products against neglected diseases 53
- 5. Natural product hybrid compounds as drug leads 87
- 6. Drug metabolism 107
- 7. Mistletoe lectin: A promising cancer therapeutic 165
- 8. Antipsychotics 183
- 9. Chemometric analysis: A novel tool for herbal drug analysis and designing 199
- 10. Copper and its complexes: A pharmaceutical perspective 215
- 11. Thiazole: A privileged scaffold in drug discovery 243
- Index 283
Chapters in this book
- Frontmatter I
- Preface V
- Table of Contents VII
- List of Contributing Authors XI
- 1. Overview of chemical drug design 1
- 2. Drug designing in novel drug discovery: Trends, scope and relevance 15
- 3. Structure- and ligand-based approaches in drug designing 31
- 4. Drug design applied to natural products against neglected diseases 53
- 5. Natural product hybrid compounds as drug leads 87
- 6. Drug metabolism 107
- 7. Mistletoe lectin: A promising cancer therapeutic 165
- 8. Antipsychotics 183
- 9. Chemometric analysis: A novel tool for herbal drug analysis and designing 199
- 10. Copper and its complexes: A pharmaceutical perspective 215
- 11. Thiazole: A privileged scaffold in drug discovery 243
- Index 283
