Introduction: varieties of English in the Americas and the Caribbean

Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. Contents of volume 1 v
3. Contents of volume 2 x
4. Abbreviations xv
5. General introduction 1
6. General references 10
7. The British Isles
8. Introduction: varieties of English in the British Isles 25
9. English spoken in Orkney and Shetland: phonology 35
10. Scottish English: phonology 47
11. Irish English: phonology 68
12. Welsh English: phonology 98
13. English dialects in the North of England: phonology 113
14. The English West Midlands: phonology 134
15. The dialect of East Anglia: phonology 163
16. The dialects in the South of England: phonology 178
17. Channel Island English: phonology 204
18. Received Pronunciation 217
19. British Creole: phonology 231
20. The Americas and the Caribbean
21. Introduction: varieties of English in the Americas and the Caribbean 247
22. Standard American English pronunciation 257
23. New England: phonology 270
24. New York, Philadelphia, and other northern cities: phonology 282
25. Rural Southern white accents 300
26. The urban South: phonology 325
27. The West and Midwest: phonology 338
28. English in Canada: phonology 351
29. Newfoundland English: phonology 366
30. African American Vernacular English: phonology 383
31. Gullah: phonology 393
32. Cajun Vernacular English: phonology 407
33. Chicano English: phonology 417
34. Bahamian English: phonology 435
35. Jamaican Creole and Jamaican English: phonology 450
36. Eastern Caribbean English-derived language varieties: phonology 481
37. Bajan: phonology 501
38. The creoles of Trinidad and Tobago: phonology 508
39. Suriname creoles: phonology 525
40. The Pacific and Australasia
41. Introduction: varieties of English in the Pacific and Australasia 567
42. New Zealand English: phonology 580
43. Regional and social differences in New Zealand: phonology 603
44. Maori English: phonology 614
45. Australian English: phonology 625
46. Regional characteristics of Australian English: phonology 645
47. Australian creoles and Aboriginal English: phonetics and phonology 656
48. Bislama: phonetics and phonology 671
49. Solomon Islands Pijin: phonetics and phonology 690
50. Tok Pisin in Papua New Guinea: phonology 710
51. Hawai‘i Creole: phonology 729
52. Fiji English: phonology 750
53. Norfolk Island-Pitcairn English: phonetics and phonology 780
54. Africa, South and Southeast Asia
55. Introduction: varieties of English in Africa and South and Southeast Asia 805
56. Nigerian English: phonology 813
57. Nigerian Pidgin English: phonology 831
58. Ghanaian English: phonology 842
59. Ghanaian Pidgin English: phonology 866
60. Liberian Settler English: phonology 874
61. Cameroon English: phonology 885
62. Cameroon Pidgin English (Kamtok): phonology 902
63. East African English (Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania): phonology 918
64. White South African English: phonology 931
65. Black South African English: phonology 943
66. Indian South African English: phonology 953
67. Cape Flats English: phonology 964
68. St. Helena English: phonology 985
69. Indian English: phonology 992
70. Pakistani English: phonology 1003
71. Singapore English: phonology 1017
72. Malaysian English: phonology 1034
73. Philippine English: phonology 1047
74. Synopses
75. Synopsis: phonological variation in the British Isles 1063
76. Synopsis: phonological variation in the Americas and the Caribbean 1075
77. Synopsis: phonetics and phonology of English spoken in the Pacific and Australasian region 1089
78. Synopsis: the phonology of English in Africa and South and Southeast Asia 1099
79. Global synopsis: phonetic and phonological variation in English world-wide 1111
80. Index of subjects 1139
81. Index of varieties and languages 1161
82. Front Matter 2 1175
83. Contents of volume 2 1179
84. Contents of volume 1 1184
85. Abbreviations 1189
86. General introduction 1193
87. General references 1202
88. The British Isles
89. Introduction: varieties of English in the British Isles 1217
90. English spoken in Orkney and Shetland: morphology, syntax, and lexicon 1226
91. Scottish English: morphology and syntax 1239
92. Irish English: morphology and syntax 1265
93. Welsh English: morphology and syntax 1294
94. English dialects in the North of England: morphology and syntax 1306
95. The dialect of East Anglia: morphology and syntax 1334
96. English dialects in the Southwest: morphology and syntax 1346
97. The varieties of English spoken in the Southeast of England: morphology and syntax 1367
98. British Creole: morphology and syntax 1388
99. The Americas and the Caribbean
100. Introduction: varieties of English in the Americas and the Caribbean 1403
101. Colloquial American English: grammatical features 1413
102. Appalachian English: morphology and syntax 1437
103. Rural and ethnic varieties in the Southeast: morphology and syntax 1473
104. Newfoundland English: morphology and syntax 1495
105. Urban African American Vernacular English: morphology and syntax 1511
106. Earlier African American English: morphology and syntax 1533
107. Gullah: morphology and syntax 1548
108. Chicano English: morphology and syntax 1566
109. Bahamian English: morphology and syntax 1583
110. Jamaican Creole: morphology and syntax 1599
111. Eastern Caribbean English-derived language varieties: morphology and syntax 1631
112. The creoles of Trinidad and Tobago: morphology and syntax 1646
113. Surinamese creoles: morphology and syntax 1674
114. Belize and other central American varieties: morphology and syntax 1709
115. The Pacific and Australasia
116. Introduction: varieties of English in the Pacific and Australasia 1739
117. New Zealand English: morphosyntax 1752
118. Australian English: morphology and syntax 1785
119. Australian Vernacular English: some grammatical characteristics 1803
120. Hypocoristics in Australian English 1835
121. Australian creoles and Aboriginal English: morphology and syntax 1849
122. Bislama: morphology and syntax 1874
123. Solomon Islands Pijin: morphology and syntax 1894
124. Tok Pisin: morphology and syntax 1912
125. Hawai‘i Creole: morphology and syntax 1934
126. Fiji English: morphology and syntax 1962
127. Norfolk Island-Pitcairn English (Pitkern Norfolk): morphology and syntax 1981
128. Africa, South and Southeast Asia
129. Introduction: varieties of English in Africa and South and Southeast Asia 1997
130. Nigerian English: morphology and syntax 2005
131. Nigerian Pidgin English: morphology and syntax 2020
132. Ghanaian English: morphology and syntax 2046
133. Ghanaian Pidgin English: morphology and syntax 2058
134. Liberian Settler English: morphology and syntax 2071
135. Cameroon English: morphology and syntax 2090
136. Cameroon Pidgin English (Kamtok): morphology and syntax 2101
137. East African English (Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania): morphology and syntax 2121
138. White South African English: morphology and syntax 2140
139. Black South African English: morphology and syntax 2154
140. Indian South African English: morphology and syntax 2166
141. Cape Flats English: morphology and syntax 2185
142. St. Helena English: morphology and syntax 2198
143. Indian English: syntax 2208
144. Butler English: morphology and syntax 2223
145. Pakistani English: morphology and syntax 2237
146. Singapore English: morphology and syntax 2250
147. Malaysian English: morphology and syntax 2265
148. Synopses
149. Synopsis: morphological and syntactic variation in the British Isles 2281
150. Synopsis: morphological and syntactic variation in the Americas and the Caribbean 2296
151. Synopsis: morphological and syntactic variation in the Pacific and Australasia 2308
152. Synopsis: morphological and syntactic variation in Africa and South and Southeast Asia 2324
153. Global synopsis: morphological and syntactic variation in English 2334
154. Index of subjects 2395
155. Index of varieties and languages 2412