Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. Contents v
3. Preface vii
4. Acknowledgements ix
5. Abbreviations x
6. 1. Beowulf and Translation 1
7. 2. Approaching the Poetry of Beowulf 27
8. 3. Reception, Perceptions, and a Survey of Earlier Verse Translations of 41 Beowulf 41
9. 4. Edwin Morgan: Speaking to his Own Age 81
10. 5. Burton Raffel: Mastering the Original to Leave It 109
11. 6. Michael Alexander: Shadowing the Old English 135
12. 7. Seamus Heaney: A Living Speech Raised to the Power of Verse 161
13. 8. Other Post-1950 Verse Translations 191
14. Epilogue 217
15. Bibliography of works cited 221
16. Index 241