Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. Contents iv
3. List of Illustrations vi
4. Preface and Acknowledgements 1
5. Chapter 1. Why Europe? A Concept Crossing History and Politics 3
6. Chapter 2. Foundations in Antiquity 15
7. Chapter 3. Moments of Transformation – Europe in the Early Middle Ages 23
8. Chapter 4. Europe, Christianity, or Something Completely Different? Impressions from the Central Middle Ages 33
9. Chapter 5. Our Last Hope? Entangling Europe and Christianity in the Late Middle Ages 69
10. Chapter 6. Perspectives from Outside? Byzantium and the Arabic World 113
11. Conclusion. No Roadmap for Europe – History, Politics, and the Way to Global History 119
12. Further Reading 123