Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. CONTENTS v
3. List of Photo Essays viii
4. List of Acronyms xii
5. Acknowledgments xv
6. Introduction 1
7. 1914: Great Feminist Expectations 25
8. Part I. Social Experiments
9. Introduction 47
10. 1. The “New Woman”: Realities and Illusions of Gender Equality in Red Vienna 56
11. 2. Modernization as Challenge: Perceptions and Reactions of German Social Democratic Women 95
12. 3. German Communism and New Women: Dilemmas and Contradictions 135
13. Part II. Grassroots Initiatives
14. Introduction 171
15. 4. An Experiment in Women-Centered Socialism: Labour Women in Britain 180
16. 5. Gender and Democratic Socialism in the Netherlands 215
17. 6. Bread and Roses: Pragmatic Women in the Belgium Workers’ Party 238
18. Part III. Political Fractures
19. Introduction 269
20. 7. French Women in the Crossfire of Class, Sex, Maternity and Citizenship 279
21. 8. The French Communist Party and Women 1920-1939: From “Feminism” to Familialism 321
22. 9. “Ideals of Redemption”: Socialism and Women on the Left in Spain 348
23. 10. Women and the Left in the Shadow of Fascism in Interwar Italy 381
24. Part IV. Prelude to Welfare States
25. Introduction 415
26. 11. Social Democrats and the Woman Question in Sweden: A History of Contradiction 425
27. 12. A Double Responsibility: Women, Men, and Socialism in Norway 450
28. 13. Socialist Feminists and Feminist Socialists in Denmark 1920-1940 478
29. Part V. Reflections
30. 14. Women, Citizenship, and Power 507
31. 15. From Welfare Politics to Welfare States: Women and the Socialist Question 516
32. List of Contributors 547
33. Indexes
34. Name Index 551
35. Subject Index 553
36. Subject Index by Country 557