4.3.3 Policies in the European Higher Education Arena

Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. Series preface v
3. Table of contents vii
4. Contributors xiii
5. 1. Introduction 1
6. 2. Historical context
7. 2.1 The study and teaching of English in the schools 13
8. 2.2 English as a university subject 19
9. 2.3 Lingua francas of Europe 28
10. 2.4 English as a language of science 34
11. 2.5 English in multilingual European economic space 40
12. 2.6 Summary: The importance of a historical approach 50
13. 3. Standards, varieties and repertoires
14. 3.1 English in the language ecology of Europe 53
15. 3.2 Early approaches to conceptualizing English in Europe 59
16. 3.3 Native speaker English 66
17. 3.4 European Englishes 72
18. 3.5 English as a Lingua Franca in Europe 79
19. 3.5.6 English as a Lingua Franca in the business domain (BELF) 89
20. 3.6 Pronunciation 93
21. 3.7 English-medium instruction (EMI) 98
22. 3.8 English in Europe and the postmodernist paradigm 106
23. 3.9 Summary: No more standards? 113
24. 4. Changing practices and policies
25. 4.1 Globalization and the contribution of Applied Linguistics 117
26. 4.2 Language and social class in Europe 125
27. 4.3 Language policy making 132
28. 4.3.1 Overview and key issues 132
29. 4.3.2 EU Language Policy and English 138
30. 4.3.3 Policies in the European Higher Education Arena 145
31. 4.4 Domain Loss: the rise and demise of a concept 153
32. 4.5 Parallel Language Use 158
33. 4.6 ‘Top down’ and ‘bottom up’ influences and behaviours 164
34. 5. Models, metaphors and methods
35. 5.1 Quantitative and qualitative approaches to the use of English in Europe 167
36. 5.2 Corpus analysis 174
37. 5.3 Language policy and language planning [LPP]: the development of the discipline 182
38. 5.4 Economic research on English in Europe 185
39. 5.5 Language Management and Language Management Theory [LMT] 192
40. 6. The Nordic experience 201
41. 7. The way ahead 259
42. References 265
43. Index 317