III.4 The colossal statues on the East and West Terraces

Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. Contents vii
3. Introductory remarks, foreword and acknowledgements 1
4. Tanitici Bilgiler, Önsöz ve Teşekkürler 23
5. Part I: A survey of the topography and history of the kingdom of Commagene, and King Antiochus I’s religious & cultural programme and divine-ruler cult
6. I.1 Commagene: Some topography 38
7. I.2 Early Commagene and the immediate forefathers of Antiochus 52
8. I.3 The life and family of Antiochus I of Commagene 59
9. I.4 King Antiochus I of Commagene: History and foreign policy in the light of ancient literary sources 63
10. I.5 The successors of Antiochus I 68
11. I.6 Antiochus' personal information on the topographical situation of his own tomb sanctuary on Mount Nemrud 78
12. I.7 Nemrud Daǧi 83
13. I.8 Stelae from Antiochus I’s temene at Samosata and surrounding area 132
14. I.9 Stelae from Antiochus I’s temene in the southern part of Commagene: Seleucia/Zeugma (Belkıs) and Doliche (Dülük) 150
15. I.10 The geographic distribution of Antiochus I’s temene and hierothesia; and what to say about their relative chronology? 161
16. I.11 Antiochus I’s self-proclaimed religious programme & divine-ruler cult, and the festivals for all the people of his kingdom 164
17. I.12 Where did Commagene’s remarkable wealth come from? 170
18. Part II: A survey of previous explorations and archaeological activities on Nemrud Dagı and in other Commagenian sanctuaries and sites. The sites revisited and reviewed
19. II.1 Two reporting visitors of Commagene in the 1830s 176
20. II.2 Other expeditions and discoveries, in the later 19th century 184
21. II.3 Friedrich Karl Dörner and Rudolf Naumann in Commagene, 1938 233
22. II.4 Arsameia-on-the-Nymphaeus. Discovery and excavation of the hierothesion by Friedrich Karl Dörner & Theresa Goell in the 1950s 238
23. II.5 A new start of the excavations on the hierothesion plateau of Arsameia-on-the- Nymphaeus by Wolfram Hoepfner and Friedrich Karl Dörner in 1963, continued in 1964 and 1967 272
24. II.6 Wolfram Hoepfner’s tentative reconstructions of the buildings’ superstructures on the hierothesion plateau: some comments 279
25. II.7 Theresa Goell and Nemrud Dagı: an introduction 298
26. Part III: NEMRUD DAGI, a survey of the activities on the mountain in the second half of the 20th century: a critical review
27. III.1 Theresa Goell’s thorough clearance of the East and West Terraces in 1953–1956 312
28. III.2 The East Terrace 314
29. III.3 The West Terrace 357
30. III.4 The colossal statues on the East and West Terraces 382
31. III.5 Geophysical explorations on Nemrud Daği in 1963 and 1964 401
32. III.6 The first restoration and preservation campaign by Friedrich Karl Dörner, 1984 410
33. III.7 A new Nemrud Daği project by Dörner’s successors, Sencer Sahin, Elmar Schwertheim & Jörg Wagner, 1987–1990 411
34. III.8 New geophysical research by Helmut Lütjen & Tomm Utecht, 1989 413
35. III.9 An Antiochian cult place at Direk Kale? 421
36. III.10 Discoveries at Samosata 424
37. III.11 A future Nemrud Daği Museum, an epilogue 429
38. Part IV: The International Nemrud Daği Project, 2001–2003: documentation, stone deterioration research & archaeological preserving activities
39. Introduction 435
40. IV.1 GPS survey as a basis of the Site Information System (SIS) of Mount Nemrud 446
41. IV.2 The 3D-scan technology and the Nemrud Daği mission 451
42. IV.3 The Site Information System 458
43. IV.4 Petrographical investigation and diagnosis of weathering damage on stone monuments of the Mount Nemrud sanctuary 466
44. IV.5 Deterioration and preservation of the limestone surface and the tuffit reliefs 475
45. IV.6 Structural preservation and consolidation of the limestone statues on Nemrud Daği 479
46. IV.7 Restoration of the colossal statue of King Antiochus I on the East Terrace of Nemrud Dağı 485
47. IV.8 Transportation of the Lion Horoscope and the four dexiosis stelae from the West Terrace to the temporary restoration house on Nemrud Daği: a report of the activities 491
48. IV.9 Report of the condition and preservation of the Lion Horoscope and two dexiosis stelae from the West Terrace of Nemrud Daği 498
49. Part V: Further Research on Mount Nemrud by members of the International Nemrud Dağı Project and others
50. V.1 Epigraphic research on Nemrud Dağı 506
51. V.2 Images and inscriptions of Nemrud Dağı in the perception of ancient visitors 511
52. V.3 Research and conservation of sandstone sculpture on Nemrud Dağı 522
53. V.4 Description and dating of the potsherds found on Mount Nemrud and looking for more 530
54. V.5 Coins of Commagene 533
55. V.6 Astro-religion in Commagene 563
56. V.7 “Lost in the hinterland?” The monument on Nemrud Daği in its Hellenistic context 600
57. V.8 From Pergamum to Commagene 606
58. Selected bibliography and abbreviations 614
59. Sources of photographs and figures (besides those mentioned in the captions) 623
60. References & sigla 625
61. Plates 649
62. Overview of SIS-codes 683