Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. Contents vii
3. Figures and tables x
4. Acknowledgments and Debts xi
5. Chapter 1. Introduction 1
6. Chapter 2. Presidents, Approval, and Trust 21
7. Chapter 3. The Quest for Presidential Leverage 33
8. Chapter 4. Measuring Presidential Leverage 52
9. Chapter 5. Presidential Leverage and the Creation of Public Policy 91
10. Chapter 6. A Refuge of Low-Leveraged Presidents 122
11. Chapter 7. Conclusion 149
12. Appendix A. Index of Presidential Leverage (IPL) by Quarter, 1961-2016* 169
13. Appendix B. Models with Approval and Divided Government 175
14. Appendix C. Significant Public Policies Used in Chapter 5, Figure 5.1 and Table 5.1* 179
15. Appendix D. Variables for Centralization Analysis in Chapter 6 185
16. Notes 187
17. Works Cited 203
18. Index 215