Chapter 30 Existential and identity constructions

Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter I
2. Preface VII
3. Acknowledgements IX
4. Contents XI
5. List of tables XXXIII
6. List of maps XXXV
7. List of abbreviations XXXVII
8. Glossary of specific terms and notational symbols XLI
9. Abstract XLIII
10. Résumé XLV
11. Shaowu as a Sinitic language XLVII
12. Periodisation of Sinitic XLIX
13. Special characters and symbols, transcription and glossing conventions LI
14. Background & overview
15. Chapter 1 Introduction 1
16. Chapter 2 Geography, demography and history of Shaowu 22
17. Part I: Phonetics & phonology
18. Introduction 29
19. Chapter 3 Phonology 31
20. Part II: Nominal structure
21. Introduction 49
22. Chapter 4 Pronominal systems 51
23. Chapter 5 Classifier systems and counting paradigms 66
24. Chapter 6 Affixal morphology 82
25. Chapter 7 Reduplication 109
26. Chapter 8 Compounding 114
27. Chapter 9 Kinship terms 120
28. Chapter 10 Locative adpositions around NPs 125
29. Chapter 11 Relative clauses 130
30. Chapter 12 Possessive noun phrases and inalienability 142
31. Part III: Predicate structure
32. Introduction 155
33. Chapter 13 Verb classes 157
34. Chapter 14 Adpositional phrases 167
35. Chapter 15 Adverbs and adverbial phrases 175
36. Chapter 16 Negation and negative markers 187
37. Chapter 17 Modality, modal auxiliaries and their syntax 213
38. Chapter 18 Postverbal complements of manner, extent and degree and their markers 231
39. Chapter 19 Postverbal complements and compounds of result, direction and potentiality 241
40. Chapter 20 Aspectual system 264
41. Part IV: Clausal structure
42. Introduction 299
43. Chapter 21 Topic-comment sentence constructions 301
44. Chapter 22 Structures of comparison 309
45. Chapter 23 Multifunctional morpheme [pɔŋ21] 帮 and its grammaticalisation pathways 332
46. Chapter 24 Benefactive constructions 342
47. Chapter 25 Object-marking constructions 348
48. Chapter 26 Multifunctional morpheme [tie53] 得 and its grammaticalisation pathways 373
49. Chapter 27 Ditransitive constructions 387
50. Chapter 28 Passive constructions 410
51. Chapter 29 Causative constructions 426
52. Chapter 30 Existential and identity constructions 439
53. Chapter 31 Copular constructions 449
54. Chapter 32 Locative constructions 458
55. Chapter 33 Interrogative structures: Polar, disjunctive and content questions 466
56. Chapter 34 Imperatives and other moods 494
57. Chapter 35 Clause-final particles 504
58. Part V: Complex sentences & clause combining
59. Introduction 523
60. Chapter 36 Coordination 525
61. Chapter 37 Subordination 541
62. Chapter 38 Temporal subordination of simultaneity and sequentiality 545
63. Chapter 39 Causal constructions 553
64. Chapter 40 Conditional constructions 562
65. Chapter 41 Concessive constructions 573
66. Chapter 42 Purposive constructions 582
67. Chapter 43 Other types of complementation in complex sentences 588
68. Chapter 44 Co-subordination 596
69. Chapter 45 Conclusion 598
70. Part VI: Lexicon
71. Chapter 46 Mini lexicon 607
72. Part VII: Transcription samples
73. A children’s song 635
74. Shaowu, the Iron City 636
75. Shaowu and its geography 639
76. Bibliography 643
77. Index 677