2. Compositions of the Apatite-Group Minerals: Substitution Mechanisms and Controlling Factors

Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter I
2. Dedication III
3. FOREWORD V
4. PREFACE V
5. TABLE of CONTENTS VII
6. 1. The Crystal Structure of Apatite, Ca₅(PO₄)₃(F,OH,Cl) 1
7. 2. Compositions of the Apatite-Group Minerals: Substitution Mechanisms and Controlling Factors 13
8. 3. Growth and Surface Properties of Apatite 51
9. 4. Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of Monazite, Pretulite, and Xenotime 87
10. 5. The Crystal Chemistry of the Phosphate Minerals 123
11. 6. Apatite in Igneous Systems 255
12. 7. Apatite, Monazite, and Xenotime in Metamorphic Rocks 293
13. 8. Electron Microprobe Analysis of REE in Apatite, Monazite and Xenotime: Protocols and Pitfalls 337
14. 9. Sedimentary Phosphorites—An Example: Phosphoria Formation, Southeastern Idaho, U.S.A. 363
15. 10. The Global Phosphorus Cycle 391
16. 11. Calcium Phosphate Biominerals 427
17. 12. Stable Isotope Compositions of Biological Apatite 455
18. 13. Trace Elements in Recent and Fossil Bone Apatite 489
19. 14. U-Th-Pb Dating of Phosphate Minerals 523
20. 15. (U-Th)/He Dating of Phosphates: Apatite, Monazite, and Xenotime 559
21. 16. Fission Track Dating of Phosphate Minerals and the Thermochronology of Apatite 579
22. 17. Biomedical Application of Apatites 631
23. 18. Phosphates as Nuclear Waste Forms 673
24. 19. Apatite Luminescence 701