24. Thomas Nagel. . . against utilitarianism

Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. Contents vi
3. Introduction ix
4. Area 1: Science
5. 1. Aristotle . . . on scientific knowledge 1
6. 2. Francis Bacon . . . on scientific method 6
7. 3. David Hume . . . on the concept of a cause 8
8. 4. Karl Popper . . . on induction 12
9. 5. Hilary Putnam . . . against Popper 16
10. 6. Paul Feyerabend. . . on scientific method 20
11. Overview of Area 1 22
12. Area 2: Mind
13. 7. B. F. Skinner . . . on behaviourism 25
14. 8. C. S. Peirce . . . on reality and truth 26
15. 9. Bertrand Russell. . . on sense-data 28
16. 10. Rudolf Carnap. . . on the argument from analogy 31
17. 11. A. J. Ayer . . . on other minds 34
18. 12. Norman Malcolm . . . on other minds 35
19. 13. Colin McGinn . . . on the mind/body problem 39
20. 14. William James . . . on the reality of the mind 43
21. 15. Paul Churchland . . . on the unreality of thoughts 45
22. Overview of Area 2 47
23. Area 3: Freedom
24. 16. Peter Strawson . . . on determinism 49
25. 17. Norman Malcolm . . . on determinism 52
26. 18. Daniel Dennett. . . on determinism 55
27. 19. Max Black. . . on causality 58
28. 20. Frederick Dretske . . . on the reality of meaning 60
29. 21. Thomas Hobbes . . . on human nature 63
30. 22. Immanuel Kant. . . on duty 66
31. 23. Jeremy Bentham . . . on utilitarianism 68
32. 24. Thomas Nagel. . . against utilitarianism 70
33. 25. G. E. M. Anscombe . . . on ‘ought’ and ‘should’ 75
34. Overview of Area 3 79
35. Area 4: Knowledge
36. 26. Galileo Galilei. . . on perception 81
37. 27. Rene Descartes . . . on doubt 82
38. 28. John Locke . . . on knowledge 84
39. 29. Hilary Putnam/Noam Chomsky. . . on innate ideas 89
40. 30. George Berkeley. . . on Idealism 93
41. 31. Thomas Reid . . . against scepticism 98
42. 32. Immanuel Kant. . . on causality 99
43. 33. David Hume . . . on miracles 103
44. 34. Bertrand Russell. . . on knowledge 108
45. 35. L. Jonathan Cohen . . . on empiricism 110
46. Overview of Area 4 114
47. Area 5: Language
48. 36. John Locke . . . on language 117
49. 37. Gilbert Ryle . . . on Mill’s theory of names 119
50. 38. Ludwig Wittgenstein . . . on proper names 123
51. 39. Saul Kripke . . . on naming 126
52. 40. Hilary Putnam . . . on language 128
53. 41. W. V. Quine . . . on language 131
54. 42. Plato . . . on universals 134
55. 43. John Searle . . . on computer ‘understanding’ 138
56. Overview of Area 5 141
57. Area 6: Objectivity
58. 44. Roderick Chisholm . . . on perception 143
59. 45. A. J. Ayer. . . on perception 146
60. 46. Gilbert Ryle . . . on perception 148
61. 47. Thomas Reid . . . on ideas 150
62. 48. J. B. Watson . . . on behaviourism 152
63. 49. Thomas Nagel. . . on qualia 153
64. 50. J. J. C. Sm art. . . on mind/brain identity 155
65. 51. Hilary Putnam . . . on functionalism 157
66. 52. F. H. Bradley. . . on truth 160
67. 53. Michael Dummett. . . on anti-realism 163
68. Overview of Area 6 166
69. Area 7: God
70. 54. Norman Malcolm . . . on the ontological argument 169
71. 55. Thomas Aquinas . . . on the existence of God 170
72. 56. Anthony Kenny. . . on teleology and design 172
73. 57. Anthony Flew. . . on religious belief 174
74. 58. Ludwig Wittgenstein . . . on religious belief 175
75. 59. Soren Kierkegaard . . . on the ‘absurdity’ of belief 178
76. 60. W. H. Newton-Smith . . . on metaphysics in cosmology 179
77. Overview of Area 7 186
78. Further Reading 188
79. Glossary 190
80. Copyright Acknowledgements 199
81. Index 203