The Dark Age of Greece
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Anthony Snodgrass
About this book
To be the first full and convincing historian of obscure centuries and the interpreter of a difficult and unpromising material culture is more than falls to most scholars in the course of a lifetime." So wrote the anonymous TLS reviewer in 1972. The Dark Age of Greece is now reissued with an extensive foreword in which the author considers what effect three decades of research and scholarship have had on his original findings and arguments. Professor Snodgrass constructs a narrative of four centuries of Greek history from an exhaustive synthesis of literary and archaeological evidence - pottery, burial-practices, architecture and metalwork, and what can be discovered of religion, commerce, and language. He argues that this was in truth a dark age, from the perspective both of scholarship and, more importantly, of the people who lived through it in poor, isolated communities, conscious of lost skills and departed glories. The recession was caused, he shows, not by external factors but by processes of internal collapse. And yet, although the book reveals material discontinuity, its ultimate conclusion is that at the most fundamental level of culture, human population, a continuity can be discerned, between the greatness of Mycenae and the rebirth of urban civilization, the dawning of the Classical age. The Dark Age of Greece remains the most comprehensive and coherent account of this period in the history of ancient Greece. It is a vital source of ideas and evidence for students, as full of interest as ever for the general reader.
"Topics
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Frontmatter
i -
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Preface
v -
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Contents
viii -
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List of Illustrations
xii -
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List of Abbreviations
xx -
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Foreword to the new edition
xxiii - 1. The Concept of a Dark Age
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The Literary Evidence
1 -
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Chronography
10 -
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Other Types of Evidence
16 -
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Notes
22 - 2. The Regional Pottery-styles
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Terminology
24 -
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The Latest Bronze Age Styles and the Problem of Submycenaean
28 -
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The Rise of Protogeometric and the Attic Series
43 -
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The Regional Grouping of the Pottery Styles
55 -
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Hand-made Wares
94 -
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Notes
98 - 3. The Chronology of the Early Iron Age In Greece
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Primary Dates and the Attic Series
106 -
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Other Evidence for Absolute Chronology
113 -
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Absolute Dating
122 -
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Notes
136 - 4. The Grave
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Principles of Classification
140 -
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Regional Developments
147 -
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Conclusions
177 -
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Notes
198 -
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Appendix
202 - 5. Iron and Other Metals
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Technical Factors
213 -
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The Initial Spread of Iron-working
217 -
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The Hypothesis of Bronze-shortage
237 -
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Other Regions of Greece
239 -
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Conclusions: Isolation and Stagnation
246 -
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Crete, Macedonia and Epirus
249 -
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The Earlier Geometric Period
261 -
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The Later Geometric Period
268 -
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The Finds from the Sanctuaries
275 -
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Notes
287 - 6. External Relations
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The Evidence of Dialect and Tradition
296 -
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The Great Destructions
304 -
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The Second Wave of Disturbances
313 -
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Retrospect
323 -
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The Advent of Protogeometric
327 -
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The Revival of Communication
330 -
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The Final Emergence
336 -
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Notes
353 - 7. The Internal Situation
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Decline:the 12th and earlier 11th Centuries
360 -
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Isolation: the later 11th and earlier 10th Centuries
368 -
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Intimations of Poverty
380 -
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Political and Social Structure
386 -
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The Problem of Continuity in Religion and Art
394 -
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The Beginnings of Recovery: the late 10th to early 8th Centuries
402 -
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The Greek Renaissance: the middle and later 8th Century
416 -
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Historical Consciousness in Poetry and Art
429 -
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Notes
437 -
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General Index
443 -
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Site Index
450