Chapter 4. Losing the Lead

Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. Contents vii
3. List of Illustrations ix
4. Preface xv
5. Chapter 1. Persistent Debate, a New Approach, More Data, Rich Findings 1
6. Chapter 2. Colonial Incomes on the Eve of the Revolution 13
7. Chapter 3. When Did Colonial America Get Rich? 43
8. Chapter 4. Losing the Lead 77
9. Chapter 5. Unequal Economic Growth, 1800–1860 96
10. Chapter 6. The Civil War 142
11. Chapter 7. Contending Forces 166
12. Chapter 8. The Greatest Leveling of All Time 194
13. Chapter 9. Rising Inequality Once More, since the 1970s 219
14. Chapter 10. Inequality and Growth 242
15. Appendix A. A Guide to the 1774 and 1800 Estimates 263
16. Appendix B. Salaries, Payment in Kind, and Workdays 279
17. Appendix C. Estimating Slaves’ Retained Earnings, Colonial Times to 1860 287
18. Appendix D. American versus British Prices, 1640–1875 304
19. Appendix E. A Guide to the 1860 Income Estimates, and Some Modifications for 1850 311
20. Appendix F. A Guide to the 1870 Income Estimates 320
21. Appendix G. Farm Operators’ Incomes in 1870 327
22. Appendix H. Sources and Notes to Tables and Figures in Main Text 349
23. References 369
24. Index 391