Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. Contents vii
3. List of Illustrations ix
4. List of Figures xi
5. List of Tables xiii
6. Preface xvii
7. Acknowledgments xxi
8. PART ONE: ORIGINS OF A NEW INDUSTRY, 1865–1920
9. 1. From Opportunities to Typewriters 3
10. 2. Adding and Calculating Machines 25
11. 3. Hollerith and the Development of Punched Card Tabulation 44
12. 4. Cash Registers and the National Cash Register Company 64
13. 5. Rudiments of an Industry Identified 79
14. PART TWO: AN AGE OF OFFICE MACHINES, 1920–1941
15. 6. Economic Conditions and the Role of Standardization 91
16. 7. Products, Practices, and Prices 105
17. 8. Commercial and Scientific Applications of Punched Card Machines 128
18. 9. International Trade in Punched Card Machines 137
19. 10. The Great Depression in the United States I 144
20. 11. IBM and Powers/Remington Rand 149
21. 12. Other Accounting Machines and Their Uses 158
22. 13. Vendors, Practices, and Results 171
23. PART THREE: WORLD WAR II AND THE POSTWAR OFFICE APPLIANCE INDUSTRY, 1941–1956
24. 14. Economics, Government Controls, and Applications 189
25. 15. The Role of Major Vendors, 1939-1946 206
26. 16. Industry Structure, Vendors, and Practices, 1945-1956 222
27. 17. Business Volumes 247
28. 18. Conclusion: The Roles of Marketing, Distribution, and Technology 264
29. Notes 289
30. Index 331