CONTENTS

Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. CONTENTS vii
3. List of Maps xiii
4. Foreword xv
5. Part 1: The Challenge
6. Preface to Part 1 3
7. I. The Age of the Democratic Revolution 5
8. II. Aristocracy about 1760: The Constituted Bodies 22
9. III. Aristocracy about 1760: Theory and Practice 42
10. IV. Clashes with Monarchy 64
11. V. A Clash with Democracy: Geneva and Jean-Jacques Rousseau 83
12. VI. The British Parliament between King and People 106
13. VII. The American Revolution: The Forces in Conflict 138
14. VIII. The American Revolution: The People as Constituent Power 159
15. IX. Europe and the American Revolution 177
16. X. Two Parliaments Escape Reform 214
17. XI. Democrats and Aristocrats—Dutch, Belgian, and Swiss 242
18. XII. The Limitations of Enlightened Despotism 280
19. XIII. The Lessons of Poland 307
20. XIV. The French Revolution: The Aristocratic Resurgence 326
21. XV. The French Revolution: The Explosion of 1789 347
22. Part 2: The Struggle
23. Preface to Part 2 375
24. XVI. The Issues and the Adversaries 377
25. XVII. The Revolutionizing of the Revolution 400
26. XVIII. Liberation and Annexation: 1792–1793 424
27. XIX. The Survival of the Revolution in France 447
28. XX. Victories of the Counter-Revolution in Eastern Europe 473
29. XXI. The Batavian Republic 505
30. XXII. The French Directory: Mirage of the Moderates 530
31. XXIII. The French Directory between Extremes 544
32. XXIV. The Revolution Comes to Italy 568
33. XXV. The Cisalpine Republic 589
34. XXVI. 1798: The High Tide of Revolutionary Democracy 614
35. XXVII. The Republics at Rome and Naples 642
36. XXVIII. The Helvetic Republic 663
37. XXIX. Germany: The Revolution of the Mind 684
38. XXX. Britain: Republicanism and the Establishment 709
39. XXXI. America: Democracy Native and Imported 745
40. XXXII. Climax and Dénouement 775
41. Appendixes I. References for the Quotations at Heads of Chapters 796
42. Appendixes II. Translations of Metrical Passages 798
43. Appendixes III. Excerpts from Certain Basic Legal Documents 801
44. Appendixes IV. The Virginia Declaration of Rights of 1776, and the French Declaration of Rights of 1789 811
45. Appendixes V. “Democratic” and “Bourgeois” Characteristics in the French Constitution of 1791: Property Qualifications in France, Britain, and America 815
46. Index 821