Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. Contents vii
3. Illustrations ix
4. Maps xii
5. Acknowledgments xiii
6. Introduction 1
7. Part I. The Crusades
8. Chapter 1. From Greek to Muslim Perceptions 11
9. Chapter 2. Christian Reconquest 19
10. Chapter 3. Universalism: Integration and Classification 37
11. Chapter 4. Typologies of Humankind and Models of Discrimination 48
12. Part II. Oceanic Exploration
13. Chapter 5. Hierarchies of Continents and Peoples 63
14. Chapter 6. Africans 83
15. Chapter 7. Americans 101
16. Chapter 8. Asians 117
17. Chapter 9. Europeans 137
18. Part III. Colonial Societies
19. Chapter 10. Ethnic Classification 159
20. Chapter 11. Ethnic Structure 181
21. Chapter 12. Projects and Policies 204
22. Chapter 13. Discrimination and Segregation 216
23. Chapter 14. Abolitionism 228
24. Part IV. The Theories of Race
25. Chapter 15. Classifications of Humans 247
26. Chapter 16. Scientific Racialism 271
27. Chapter 17. Darwin and Social Evolution 290
28. Part V. Nationalism and Beyond
29. Chapter 18. The Impact of Nationalism 307
30. Chapter 19. Global Comparisons 335
31. Conclusions 365
32. Notes 375
33. Index 423