Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. Contents ix
3. List of Illustrations xiii
4. List of Figures xv
5. Preface xvii
6. Acknowledgments xxi
7. Notes on Usage xxv
8. List of Special Abbreviations xxxi
9. ONE. INTRODUCTION: THE SUBLIME PORTE AND THE SCRIBAL SERVICE AS ELEMENTS OF STATE AND SOCIETY 1
10. TWO. THE EVOLUTION OF THE RULING CLASS AND THE EMERGENCE OF THE SCRIBAL SERVICE 41
11. THREE. THE IMPACT OF IMPERIAL DECLINE ON THE EMERGENT SCRIBAL SERVICE: THE SUBLIME PORTE AND ITS OFFICIALS ON THE EVE OF REFORM 69
12. FOUR. REASSERTION OF THE SULTANATE AND FOUNDATION OF THE CIVIL BUREAUCRACY 112
13. FIVE. THE CIVIL-BUREAUCRATIC HEGEMONY OF THE TANZIMAT 151
14. SIX. RESTORING POLITICAL BALANCE: THE FIRST CONSTITUTIONAL PERIOD AND RETURN TO SULTANIC DOMINANCE 221
15. SEVEN. ONCE MORE TOWARD REDEFINITION OF THE POLITICAL BALANCE 291
16. EIGHT. ONE AND ONE-THIRD CENTURIES OF CIVIL-BUREAUCRATIC REFORM 338
17. APPENDIX. BUDGETARY "ALLOCATIONS" FOR AGENCIES OF THE SUBLIME PORTE IN SELECTED YEARS 349
18. Notes 353
19. Bibliography 407
20. Index 421