Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. Contents v
3. List of Tables viii
4. Note on Transliteration xi
5. Acknowledgements xii
6. Introduction 1
7. 1 The Origins of the Armenian Presence in Lebanon and Syria: A Brief Historical Account
8. Introduction 7
9. The Armenian Homeland 7
10. Armenian Migration to and within the Middle East: The Pre-Ottoman Era 9
11. The Armenians and the Ottoman Empire 10
12. The Era of Massacres: The End of the Empire and the Armenian Genocide 26
13. 2 (Re)constructing Armenia: The Armenians in Lebanon and Syria during the Mandate
14. Introduction 45
15. Religious Policy under the Mandate and the Re-establishment of the Armenian Churches 47
16. Armenian Politics and Public Participation under the Mandate 52
17. Armenian Associations during the Mandate 62
18. Armenian Culture and Media during the Mandate 65
19. Armenian Education during the Mandate 70
20. The Socio-Economic Position of the Armenians during the Mandate 75
21. 3 Coping with Political Change: The Armenians in Lebanon and Syria during the First Two Decades of Independence (1946–1967)
22. Introduction: The Armenians and the Post-Mandate States of the Levant 89
23. Armenian Politics and Armenian Public Participation in Lebanon and Syria (1946–1967) 91
24. Religious Policy and the Armenians in Independent Lebanon and Syria (1946–1967) 110
25. Armenian Education in Independent Lebanon and Syria (1946–1967) 113
26. Armenian Cultural Production between Flourishing and Decline: The 1950s and the 1960s 122
27. Armenian Associations and the State in Lebanon and Syria from Independence to the 1960s 127
28. Political Economy and the Social Position of the Armenians in Lebanon and Syria from Independence to the end of the 1960s 132
29. 4 War, Migration, and Strategies of Survival: The Armenians between the Collapse of the Lebanese State and the Construction of Asad’s Syria (1967–1989)
30. Introduction 147
31. Armenian Politics in the Levant From the Mid 1960s to the End of the Lebanese War 149
32. The Armenian Churches in Lebanon and Syria in the 1970s and 1980s 159
33. Armenian Education in Lebanon and Syria: The 1970s and 1980s 160
34. Armenian Associations and the State in Lebanon and Syria: The 1970s and 1980s 164
35. Armenian Culture and Media in Lebanon and Syria during the 1970s and 1980s 166
36. The Armenian Communities and the Lebanese and Syrian Economy in the 1970s and 1980s 169
37. 5 Difficult Recovery and Uncertain Future: The Armenians in Lebanon and Syria in the 1990s and Beyond
38. Introduction 179
39. Armenian Political Participation in Contemporary Lebanon and Syria 182
40. Armenian Churches and the State in Contemporary Lebanon and Syria 192
41. Coping with Economic Crisis: The Socio-Economic Position of the Armenians in Contemporary Lebanon and Syria 197
42. Armenian Associations and the State in Contemporary Lebanon and Syria 200
43. Armenian Education in Lebanon and Syria during the 1990s and Early 2000s 201
44. Armenian Cultural Production and the State in Contemporary Lebanon and Syria 207
45. Conclusion 221
46. Bibliography 224
47. Index 238