Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. Contents vii
3. List of Tables and Figures ix
4. Preface xi
5. Abbreviations xv
6. 1. Ryōgen’s Place in the History of the Tendai School 1
7. 2. The Early History of Factionalism within the Tendai School: From Saichō throug the Mid-tenth Century 15
8. 3. Ryōgen’s Early Years 45
9. 4. Ryōgen’s Rise to Prominence 56
10. 5. Ryōgen’s and the Fujiwaras: Patronage and Esoteric Buddhist Ritual 71
11. 6. The Ōwa Debates 94
12. 7. Ryōgen’s Appointments as Head of the Tendai School and to the Office of Monastic Affairs 118
13. 8. The Significance of Ryōgen’s Revival of the Examination System 128
14. 9. Rebuilding the Tendai Establishment on Mount Hiei 167
15. 10. Ryōgen as Zasu: Financing the Spread of Tendai Influence 190
16. 11. Factionalism and Ryōgen’s Efforts to Control the Order 218
17. 12. Ryōgen and the Role of Nuns in Ninth- and Tenthcentury Japan 245
18. 13. Epilogue: Ryōgen’s Posthumous Career 289
19. Appendix 1. Ennin and Yokawa 305
20. Appendix 2. A Note on Morosuke’s Interests 311
21. Appendix 3. Dying Instructions of the Great Archbishop Jie 313
22. Appendix 4. Takamitsu’s Retreat to Tōnomine 327
23. Appendix 5. A Record of the Ōwa Debates 331
24. Appendix 6. Ten Doubts concerning the Hossō School 337
25. Appendix 7. Zōga as an Eccentric 341
26. Appendix 8. Invocation of Tendai Abbot Ryōgen 345
27. Notes 367
28. Glossary 463
29. Bibliography 491
30. Index 511