Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. Contents vii
3. Figures, Maps, and Tables ix
4. Acknowledgments xi
5. Introduction 1
6. 1. Literacy in Early Tokugawa Villages 9
7. 2. Signatures, Ciphers, and Seals 44
8. 3. Rural Culture and the Rise of Provincial Literati in the Eighteenth Century 80
9. 4. The Expansion of Popular Literacy in the Nineteenth Century 113
10. 5. Direct Measures of Popular Literacy in the Nineteenth Century 137
11. Epilogue: Illiteracy in Meiji Japan 162
12. Appendix 197
13. Notes 199
14. Bibliography 219
15. Index 229
16. About the Author 239