Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. Contents vii
3. Illustrations ix
4. Preface xi
5. Acknowledgments xvii
6. Abbreviations xx
7. Introduction 1
8. 1. Guilds and Elites in the Face of Domestic and Foreign Challenges 18
9. 2. Elite and Official Interactive Movements toward Chambers of Commerce 47
10. 3. Changes in Organizational Composition and Interrelations 76
11. 4. The Expansion of Associational Networks and Influences 109
12. 5. Political Maneuvers in Commercial and Industrial Affairs 138
13. 6. Joint Actions in the Constitutional and Revolutionary Movements 169
14. 7. Nationwide Chamber Networks and the Republican Governments 199
15. Conclusion 208
16. Appendix 1. General Chambers of Commerce in the Lower Yangzi Region, 1904– 1911 217
17. Appendix 2. Affiliated Chambers of Commerce in the Lower Yangzi Region, 1904– 1911 219
18. Appendix 3. Branch Chambers of Commerce in the Lower Yangzi Region, 1906– 1911 223
19. Notes 225
20. Character List 253
21. Bibliography 261
22. Index 279