Chapters in this book

1. Front Matter i
2. preface v
3. contents ix
4. Introduction 3
5. The Glimmerings 1718–1826
6. Silhouette of a Renaissance 23
7. Reaction against Innovation 51
8. The New Order and its Fall 71
9. The Break-Through 1826–78
10. Foundations of a Secular State 89
11. Tanzimat: the Economic and Political Impact of the West 137
12. The Secularism of the Tanzimat 155
13. The Constitutional Movement 201
14. Constitution of 1876 223
15. The Reaction 1878-1908
16. Constitutional Absolutism 253
17. The Reactions against the Reaction 289
18. Search for a Fulcrum 1908–19
19. The Meşrutiyet 325
20. Three Proposed Roads to Reconstruction 347
21. Reforming the Institutions 367
22. The Secularism of the Meşrutiyet 411
23. The Struggle for Establishment of a Secular Nation-State 1919–39
24. The Birth of a Nation under Fire 431
25. The Kemalist Reforms 461
26. The Secularism of the Kemalist Regime 479
27. conclusion 507
28. glossary 511
29. author index 517
30. subject index 523