CHAPTER FIVE Oak, birch and aspen woodlands

Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. Contents v
3. Acknowledgements vi
4. Tables vii
5. Figures viii
6. Plates ix
7. Abbreviations and acronyms xi
8. Foreword xii
9. Introduction 1
10. CHAPTER ONE International context 8
11. CHAPTER TWO Ecological context 16
12. CHAPTER THREE Historical development 32
13. CHAPTER FOUR Native pinewoods and montane scrub 64
14. CHAPTER FIVE Oak, birch and aspen woodlands 81
15. CHAPTER SIX Ash, elm and hazel woodlands 98
16. CHAPTER SEVEN Wet woodlands 110
17. CHAPTER EIGHT Conservation of native woodlands 120
18. CHAPTER NINE Expansion of native woodlands 168
19. CHAPTER TEN Relationships with plantation forests 207
20. CHAPTER ELEVEN Native woodlands – a view to the future 225
21. CHAPTER TWELVE Visiting native woodlands 235
22. Bibliography 257
23. Index 265