9. Summary and concluding remarks

Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. Contents v
3. List of figures x
4. Preface xi
5. Map of Norway xiii
6. 1. Land and people, language and language planning 1 Introduction 1
7. PART I: THE NATIONALIST PERIOD, 1814–1917
8. 2. Before the start of language planning: 1814–45 17
9. 3. A language based on upper-middle-class speech or peasant dialects? The programmes proposed by Knud Knudsen and Ivar Aasen 35
10. 4. The language question becomes a major political issue: 1860–1907 57
11. 5. Two Norwegian written standards: is linguistic reconciliation possible? Early twentieth century up to the 1917 language reforms 77
12. PART II: THE SOCIOPOLITICAL PERIOD, 1917–66
13. 6. The emergence of a socialist theory of language planning: a sociolinguistic experiment 101
14. 7. The post-war language struggle (1945–66) to counter the sociolinguistic experiment of 1938 127
15. PART III: FROM A SINGLE-STANDARD TO A TWOSTANDARD STRATEGY
16. 8. The end of the single-standard policy (1966–2002): reforms in 1981 and 2005 (for Bokmål) and 2012 (for Nynorsk) 149
17. 9. Summary and concluding remarks 164
18. References 173
19. List of terms of language varieties 193
20. Timeline for the different written varieties of Norwegian 198
21. Timeline of important events for language planning and conflict in modern Norway 199
22. Index 204